Using microemulsion formulations for oral drug delivery of therapeutic peptides

Microemulsions - A Brief Introduction

“…The ability to formulate such mixtures with biocompatible ingredients has made possible to use them in biological and health related areas extensively. Hence, microemulsions have found wide application in delivering drugs with different physical and chemical characteristics and different ways of delivering such as, oral delivery of protein drugs (Sarciaux et al, 1995, Ke et al, 2005, Cheng et al, 2008, Kim et al, 2005, ophthalmic (Lv et al, 2005., Gulsen & Chauhan, 2005, transdermal (Kantaria et al, 1999, Kreilgaard et al, 2000, Sintov & Botner 2006, Neubert, 2011, Zhu et al, 2008, amphiphilic drugs (Djordjevic et al, 2004, Oh et al, 2011, internasal (Cho et al, 2012) or other ways (Zhou et al, 2011, Lawrence & Rees, 2000.…”

Oral Delivery of Insulin: Novel Approaches

“…In the present investigation, we benefited from the advantages of polyelectrolyte complexation between chitosan and insulin, its formulation in an aqueous environment without the need for heat or an organic solvent, and the solution of the shortcomings of burst release by the dispersion of nanoparticles in an oily phase. The oily vehicle was intended to reduce proteolytic degradation and improve absorption [95,96]. In addition, the free chitosan amine groups may interact with any adjacent carboxylic acid groups of oleic acid, forming a protective hydrophobic coating layer at the surface of the dispersed phase, which may enhance stability in the GIT and promote lymphatic uptake.…”

Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Fenofibrate-loaded Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS)

“…This is because the droplet structure of O/W microemulsions is retained in the biological aqueous phase, thereby permitting oral as well as parenteral administration. In addition, the presence of surfactant and in some cases co-surfactant, such as medium chain diglycerides, serves to increase membrane permeability, thereby increasing drug uptake (Sarciaux et al, 1995;Constantinides, 1995).…”