Microemulsions - A Brief Introduction

Najjar, Reza

doi:10.5772/36057

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 255 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…This was the first step for future development of smart colloidal systems named microemulsions from 1959 until today. Their initial utility at that moment was concentrated on the development of oil recovery techniques based on chemical approaches for industrial applications [ 164 , 165 , 166 ]. The evolution of the actual research methods sustains the knowledge and the discovery of unknown concepts which can help in the interpretation of physical phenomena, their physical structure and the mechanism of function for medical and pharmaceutical applications.…”

Section: Microemulsions In a New Vision For An Optimized Acne Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microemulsions (MEs) are defined as microheterogeneous dispersions with a high thermodynamic stability. With a transparent appearance, the systems are observed as monophasic and isotropic structures basically formulated with an oil phase and an aqueous phase, stabilized by a mixture formed with a surfactant (S) and a cosurfactant (CoS) [ 165 ]. The clarity and homogeneity are physical markers for their dimension domain, placed in the range of 5–100 nm.…”

Section: Microemulsions In a New Vision For An Optimized Acne Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foray into Concepts of Design and Evaluation of Microemulsions as a Modern Approach for Topical Applications in Acne Pathology

et al. 2020

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With a fascinating complexity, governed by multiple physiological processes, the skin is considered a mantle with protective functions which during lifetime are frequently impaired, triggering dermatologic disorders. As one of the most prevalent dermatologic conditions worldwide, characterized by a complex pathogenesis and a high recurrence, acne can affect the patient’s quality of life. Smart topical vehicles represent a good option in the treatment of a versatile skin condition. By surpassing the stratum corneum known for diffusional resistance, a superior topical bioavailability can be obtained at the affected place. In this direction, the literature study presents microemulsions as a part of a condensed group of modern formulations. Microemulsions are appreciated for their superior profile in matters of drug delivery, especially for challenging substances with hydrophilic or lipophilic structures. Formulated as transparent and thermodynamically stable systems, using simplified methods of preparation, microemulsions have a simple and clear appearance. Their unique structures can be explained as a function of the formulation parameters which were found to be the mainstay of a targeted therapy.

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Section: Microemulsions In a New Vision For An Optimized Acne Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microemulsions In a New Vision For An Optimized Acne Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

Foray into Concepts of Design and Evaluation of Microemulsions as a Modern Approach for Topical Applications in Acne Pathology

et al. 2020

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“…Microemulsions or so‐called “Schulman's microemulsions” have been of great scientific interest for the last several decades due to their wide use in both fine fundamental research and industrial field. Because of their flexible composition, unique properties, and wide range of applications, oil‐in‐water as well as water‐in‐oil microemulsions have been the subject of many excellent review articles (Moulik and Rakshit, ; Najjar, ; Paul and Moulik, ; Rakshit et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Mixed Reverse Microemulsions Based on Sodium Bis (2‐Ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate and Sodium Cholate

Tikanadze

Kurtanidze

Rukhadze

et al. 2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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The microenvironment of water droplets of sodium bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) and sodium cholate mixed reverse microemulsions was studied. Structural changes of water pockets in mixed reverse micelles were investigated by IR spectroscopy. The O‐H stretching vibrational absorption spectra in the region of 3000–3800 cm−1 were fit to three subpeaks with the Monte Carlo method. It was revealed that additives of sodium cholate suppress free water fraction in the water droplets of reverse micelles from 31% to 20% and support rising of bound fraction from 53% to 65%. The binding of optical probe ortho‐nitroaniline to the mixed reverse micelles was determined by UV–visible spectroscopy. It was found that introducing of additives of sodium cholate below its critical micelle concentration (CMC) causes increasing of values of binding constant Kb twice compared with reverse micelles modified with pure water. However, values of the binding constant were reduced 4‐fold at concentrations of sodium cholate higher than its CMC. Electrical conductivity of the reverse mixed micellar solutions (AOT + sodium cholate) was measured. Water‐induced percolation in conductance of mixed reverse microemulsions occurs at a lower value of water/surfactant molar ratio (W) under the influence of sodium cholate, viz. electrical percolation threshold decreases from W = 32 to W = 15. The size of water droplets was estimated with the dynamic light scattering method. It was found that additives of sodium cholate below and higher than the CMC results in increasing and decreasing of hydrodynamic diameters of the water droplets, respectively, but sizes of water droplets decrease at concentrations of sodium cholate higher than its CMC.

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“…Docetaxel is non-cell specific and acts on the microtubules of cells, preventing depolymerization. This traps the cell in G2/M phase, which also results in increased radiosensitizing properties(5). As a result, co-delivery of docetaxel with radiation treatment can prove to be an effective dual treatment in the case of certain cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiosensitizing Silica Nanoparticles Encapsulating Docetaxel for Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Belz

Castilla-Ojo

Sridhar

et al. 2017

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Summary The applications of nanoparticles in oncology include enhanced drug delivery, efficient tumor targeting, treatment monitoring and diagnostics. The ‘theranostic properties’ associated with nanoparticles have shown enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs with superior imaging capabilities and minimal toxicities. In conventional chemotherapy, only a fraction of the administered drug reaches the tumor site or cancer cells. For successful translation of these formulations, it is imperative to evaluate the design and properties of these nanoparticles. Here, we describe the design of ultra-small silica nanoparticles to encapsulate a radiosensitizing drug for combined chemoradiation therapy. The small size of nanoparticles allows for better dispersion and uptake of the drug within the highly vascularized tumor tissue. Silica nanoparticles are synthesized using an oil-in-water microemulsion method. The microemulsion method provides a robust synthetic route in which the inner hydrophobic core is used to encapsulate chemotherapy drug, docetaxel while the outer hydrophilic region provides dispersibility of the synthesized nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. Docetaxel is commonly used for treatment-resistant or metastatic prostate cancer, and is known to have radiosensitizing properties. Here, we describe a systematic approach for synthesizing these theranostic nanoparticles and preparing them for use in prostate cancer.

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Microemulsions - A Brief Introduction

Cited by 18 publications

References 255 publications

Foray into Concepts of Design and Evaluation of Microemulsions as a Modern Approach for Topical Applications in Acne Pathology

Foray into Concepts of Design and Evaluation of Microemulsions as a Modern Approach for Topical Applications in Acne Pathology

Structure of Mixed Reverse Microemulsions Based on Sodium Bis (2‐Ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate and Sodium Cholate

Radiosensitizing Silica Nanoparticles Encapsulating Docetaxel for Treatment of Prostate Cancer

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