Using mass spectral source signatures to apportion exhaust particles from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles in a freeway study using UF-ATOFMS

Toner, Stephen M.; Shields, Laura G.; Sodeman, David A.; Prather, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.005

Cited by 76 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It should be emphasized here that the overall biomass particle signatures detected in Mexico City were derived from previous ATOFMS biomass source tests conducted in our laboratory. These signatures are indicative of biomass burning and do not resemble the major particle types in any other previous ATOFMS source studies of vehicles or collected dust samples (Arimoto et al, 2006;Qin and Prather, 2006;Toner et al, 2006;Toner et al, 2007;Sullivan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Biomass/biofuel Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Continuous ambient measurements with aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) were made in an industrial/residential section in the northern part of Mexico City as part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area-2006 campaign (MCMA-2006. Results are presented for the period of 15-27 March 2006. The submicron size mode contained both fresh and aged biomass burning, aged organic carbon (OC) mixed with nitrate and sulfate, elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen-organic carbon, industrial metal, and inorganic NaK inorganic particles. Overall, biomass burning and aged OC particle types comprised 40% and 31%, respectively, of the submicron mode. In contrast, the supermicron mode was dominated by inorganic NaK particle types (42%) which represented a mixture of dry lake bed dust and industrial NaK emissions mixed with soot. Additionally, aluminosilicate dust, transition metals, OC, and biomass burning contributed to the supermicron particles. Early morning periods (2-6 a.m.) showed high fractions of inorganic particles from industrial sources in the northeast, composed of internal mixtures of Pb, Zn, EC and Cl, representing up to 73% of the particles in the 0.2-3µm size range. A unique nitrogencontaining organic carbon (NOC) particle type, peaking in the early morning hours, was hypothesized to be amines from local industrial emissions based on the time series profile and back trajectory analysis. A strong dependence on wind speed and direction was observed in the single particle types that were present during different times of the day. The early morning (3:30-10 a.m.) showed the greatest contributions from industrial emissions. During mid to late mornings (7-11 a.m.), weak northerly winds were observed along with the Correspondence to: K. A. Prather (kprather@ucsd.edu) most highly aged particles. Stronger winds from the south picked up in the late morning (after 11 a.m.), resulting in a decrease in the concentrations of the major aged particle types and an increase in the number fraction of fresh biomass particles. The highest wind speeds were correlated with the highest number fraction of fresh biomass particles (up to 76% of the submicron number fraction) when winds were coming directly from fires that were located south and southeast of the city based on MODIS fire count data. This study provides a unique clock of hourly changes in single particle mixing state and sources as a function of meteorology in Mexico City. These new findings indicate that biomass burning and industrial emissions can make significant contributions to primary particle loadings in Mexico City that are strongly coupled with local meteorology.

show abstract

Section: Biomass/biofuel Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10 and 12). All three classes are commonly observed in roadside and dynamometer ATOFMS studies (Spencer et al, 2006;Suess and Prather, 2002;Shields et al, 2007;Sodeman et al, 2005;Toner et al, 2006;Toner et al, 2008). The EC-domestic class is characterised by positive ion mass spectra containing high signals for sodium and potassium (Fig.…”

Section: Elemental Carbon and Traffic Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for the measurement of the size resolved chemical composition of single particles at a site in Cork Harbour, Ireland for three weeks in August 2008. The ATOFMS was co-located with a suite of semi-continuous instrumentation for the measurement of particle number, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5 ). The temporality of the ambient ATOFMS particle classes was subsequently used in conjunction with the semi-continuous measurements to apportion PM 2.5 mass using positive matrix factorisation. The synergy of the single particle classification procedure and positive matrix factorisation allowed for the identification of six factors, corresponding to vehicular traffic, marine, long-range transport, various combustion, domestic solid fuel combustion and shipping traffic with estimated contributions to the measured PM 2.5 mass of 23%, 14%, 13%, 11%, 5% and 1.5% respectively. Shipping traffic was found to contribute 18% of the measured particle number (20-600 nm mobility diameter), and thus may have important implications for human health considering the size and composition of ship exhaust particles. The positive matrix factorisation procedure enabled a more refined interpretation of the single particle results by providing source contributions to PM 2.5 mass, while the single particle data enabled the identification of additional factors not possible with typical semi-continuous measurements, including local shipping traffic.

show abstract

“…A major component in the roadside particle population is formed by particles emitted by diesel-powered vehicles. 5 However, the diesel engine has superior fuel economy, resulting in low carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Because of the CO 2 policy in Europe, the number of diesel vehicles is increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Open Channel Filter on Particle Emissions of Modern Diesel Engine

Heikkilä

Rönkkö

Lähde

et al. 2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Particle emissions of modern diesel engines are of a particular interest because of their negative health effects. The special interest is in nanosized solid particles. The effect of an open channel filter on particle emissions of a modern heavy-duty diesel engine (MAN D2066 LF31, model year 2006) was studied. Here, the authors show that the open channel filter made from metal screen efficiently reduced the number of the smallest particles and, notably, the number and mass concentration of soot particles. The filter used in this study reached 78% particle mass reduction over the European Steady Cycle. Considering the size-segregated number concentration reduction, the collection efficiency was over 95% for particles smaller than 10 nm. The diffusion is the dominant collection mechanism in small particle sizes, thus the collection efficiency decreased as particle size increased, attaining 50% at 100 nm. The overall particle number reduction was 66 -99%, and for accumulation-mode particles the number concentration reduction was 62-69%, both depending on the engine load.

show abstract

Using mass spectral source signatures to apportion exhaust particles from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles in a freeway study using UF-ATOFMS

Cited by 76 publications

References 40 publications

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Effect of Open Channel Filter on Particle Emissions of Modern Diesel Engine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Using mass spectral source signatures to apportion exhaust particles from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles in a freeway study using UF-ATOFMS

Cited by 76 publications

References 40 publications

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico City by single particle mass spectrometry

Source apportionment of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Effect of Open Channel Filter on Particle Emissions of Modern Diesel Engine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements