Source apportionment of PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Healy, Robert M.; Hellebust, Stig; Kourtchev, Ivan; Allanic, Arnaud; O’Connor, Ian; Bell, Jordan; Healy, David A.; Sodeau, John R.; Wenger, John C.

doi:10.5194/acp-10-9593-2010

Cited by 104 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…Dicarboxylic acids represent 4-15% of the total aerosol mass of atmospheric aerosol particles from continental and marine samples (24) and are formed from biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, cooking, automobile exhaust, and atmospheric reactions of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs (25). Field measurements deploying a single particle spectrometer, Aerosol Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS), confirmed the presence of internally mixed particles containing organic carbon, ammonium, and nitrate (26).…”

Section: Atmospheric Chemistry | Photoinduced Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative pathway for atmospheric particles growth

Monge

Rosenørn

Favez

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

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Credible climate change predictions require reliable fundamental scientific knowledge of the underlying processes. Despite extensive observational data accumulated to date, atmospheric aerosols still pose key uncertainties in the understanding of Earth’s radiative balance due to direct interaction with radiation and because they modify clouds’ properties. Specifically, major gaps exist in the understanding of the physicochemical pathways that lead to aerosol growth in the atmosphere and to changes in their properties while in the atmosphere. Traditionally, the driving forces for particle growth are attributed to condensation of low vapor pressure species following atmospheric oxidation of volatile compounds by gaseous oxidants. The current study presents experimental evidence of an unaccounted-for new photoinduced pathway for particle growth. We show that heterogeneous reactions activated by light can lead to fast uptake of noncondensable Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at the surface of particles when only traces of a photosensitizer are present in the seed aerosol. Under such conditions, size and mass increase; changes in the chemical composition of the aerosol are also observed upon exposure to volatile organic compounds such as terpenes and near-UV irradiation. Experimentally determined growth rate values match field observations, suggesting that this photochemical process can provide a new, unaccounted-for pathway for atmospheric particle growth and should be considered by models.

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Section: Atmospheric Chemistry | Photoinduced Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative pathway for atmospheric particles growth

Monge

Rosenørn

Favez

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The combination of ATOFMS and hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (HTDMA) data has shown that sea salt and particles containing amines and nitrate are hydrophilic, while the more organic carbon (OC) particles contain the more hydrophobic they are (Herich et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2014). Fresh particles can be distinguished from aged ones by the presence of secondary inorganic species such as nitrate, sulfate and ammonium (Cahill et al, 2012;Healy et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2003;, which is also helpful in differentiating particles from local and transported sources (Healy et al, 2012). Single particle chemical speciation is therefore a useful tool for examining the effect aerosols have on air quality and climate, and is complementary to characterising particle optical and physical properties (Moffet and Prather, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single particle mass spectrometers, such as the aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), have proven valuable in identifying and characterising a wide variety of particle sources: sea salt, mineral dust, vehicle exhaust, tyre wear, solid fuel combustion (coal, peat and wood), shipping and various industrial emissions Bhave et al, 2001Bhave et al, , 2002Dall'Osto et al, 2014;Giorio et al, 2012;Harrison et al, 2012;Healy et al, 2009Healy et al, , 2010Healy et al, , 2012Liu et al, 2003;Spencer et al, 2008;Tao et al, 2011). Mixing state information -both internal and external -provided by mass spectrometers has been used to determine the type of atmospheric processing particles have undergone (Gard et al, 1998), as well as their acidity and hygroscopicity (Denkenberger et al, 2007;Healy et al, 2014), properties which affect their ability to act as CCN (cloud condensation nuclei; Furutani et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica.Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Carich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and ammonium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5 ) accounted for 70-90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport.Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particlesPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50-80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5-10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion, were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.

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“…Though, the primary PM 2.5 (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm) emitted from ships only account for a low proportion (1.5% in Cork Harbour e.g.) (Healy et al, 2010) of total PM 2.5 in ambient air compared with other sources, 3-8% of deaths associated with PM 2.5 emission globally were linked to shipping emission (EPA, 2009). Due to its complex mechanism and high absorption capacity for toxic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM exhausted by ships could cause more serious human health risk than by direct emissions (EPA, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%