Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Zhang, Fan; Chen, Yingjun; Tian, Chongguo; Wang, Xiaoping; Huang, Guosong; Fang, Yin; Zong, Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.016

Cited by 93 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In terms of the BC emission inventory, oil combustion accounted for 4 ± 2% of the total BC emission, which was only one half to that of the sediment BC (8 ± 1%). As we know, the BS and YS are important bases of fishery and port [ Zhang et al ., ], and large quantities of fishing boats and merchant ships are traveling constantly on these sea areas. Taking small fishing boats as an example, there were 1.07 million in China by the end of 2013 (Chinese Fishery Statistical Yearbook, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They basically had no particulate matter emission control measures. It was expected that a significant amount of BC was emitted from these boats [ Zhang et al ., , ], which inevitably contributed to the oil combustion‐derived BC (here defined as oil BC) in the sediments. However, BC emissions from the seagoing boats/ships were not included in the current BC emission inventory [ Cao et al ., ], resulting in a relatively higher fraction of oil BC in the sediment than that in the emission inventory.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resultant was the lower biomass BC in the sediments (17 ± 5%) than that in the emission inventory (27 ± 2%). The discrepancy of oil BC between sediments and emission inventory implied that future BC emission inventory development should pay more attention to the BC emissions from seagoing boats/ships, which not only contribute to the sediment BC burial/sequestration, but more importantly also exert a significant influence on the ambient air quality of coastal cities with densely distributed populations [ Zhang et al ., , ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of PMF receptor model merging with PAHs signatures for source apportionment of black carbon in the continental shelf surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

et al. 2016

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Black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are byproducts generated from the incomplete combustion of organic materials, including fossil fuels and biomass. The similar production processes shared by BC and PAHs provide the possibility to infer the BC sources using the PAHs signatures. This study successfully utilized data sets of BC and PAHs analyzed from the continental shelf surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas to a standard receptor model of positive matrix factorization (PMF) to apportion the sources of BC in the sediment matrix. Results showed that combustion of fossil fuels (i.e., coal and oil/petroleum) accounted for an average level of 83 ± 5% of the total BC preserved, which was significantly higher than that from the biomass burning (17 ± 5%). The spatial distributions of the fossil BC concentrations and percentages differed significantly from those of the biomass BC, implying their different geochemical behaviors in the continental shelf regimes and further emphasizing the importance to effectively differentiate between fossil BC and biomass BC. In addition to the relative proportions of the BC subtypes (char‐BC/soot‐BC), the regional‐specific hydrodynamic conditions, including the cold cyclonic eddy, resuspension and coastal current, also exerted a significant influence on these spatial variations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of PMF receptor model merging with PAHs signatures for source apportionment of black carbon in the continental shelf surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

et al. 2016

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“…The quartz-fiber filters were weighed before and after sampling to determine the mass concentrations of PM 2. ) were analyzed by ion chromatograph (Dionex ICS3000, Dionex Ltd., America) following the method of Zhang et al (2014). Before analysis, 47 mm filters were ultrasonically extracted three times, for 15 min each time, with 10 ml deionized water.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, many tunnel studies published in China were just focusing on characteristics of emissions for mixed vehicles. For example, Zhang et al (2014) reported EFs of PM 2.5 , carbonaceous aerosols and gaseous pollutants for mixed vehicles in Pearl River Delta region. However, only a few tunnel studies about the emission factors for GV and DV were carried out in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Cui

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• Composition profiles of PM 2.5 were obtained in smaller city, Yantai.• Characteristics of PM 2.5 were changed by emission standards and fuel policy.• Source profiles of PM 2.5 for gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles were given.• The diesel vehicles play a major role in PM 2.5 emissions in Yantai. The chemical compositions of PM 2.5 including OC, EC, water soluble ions, elements, and organic components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes, emitted in Wuzushan (WZS) and Kuixinglou (KXL) tunnels were determined. WZS tunnel is a major route for diesel vehicles traveling, while KXL tunnel has limited to diesel vehicles. The results showed that the proportions of the different constituents of PM 2.5 in the Wuzushan (WZS) tunnel were OC (27.7%), EC (32.1%), elements (13.9%), and water soluble ions (9.2%). Whereas the chemical profile of PM 2.5 in the Kuixinglou (KXL) tunnel was OC (17.7%), EC (10.4%), elements (8.90%), and water soluble ions (8.87%). The emission factors (EFs) of PM 2.5 and proportions of SO 4 2− and Pb were decreased by vehicle emission standards and fuel quality policy in China, and the higher molecular weight PAHs (4 + 5 + 6 rings) were more abundant than the lower molecular weight PAHs (2 + 3 rings) in the two tunnels. The proportions of 17A(H)-21B(H)-30-Norhopane and 17A(H)-21B(H)-Hopane in the hopane and sterane were not dependent on the vehicles types. In addition, specific composition profiles for PM 2.5 from gasoline-fueled vehicles (GV) G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v and diesel-fueled vehicles (DV) emissions were drafted, which indicated that OC (0.974 mg·veh −1 ·km −1 ) was the most abundant component in PM 2.5 , followed by Fe, Cl − , and Mg for GV. The relative proportions of the different constituents in the PM 2.5 for DV were EC (35.9%), OC (27.2%), elements (12.8%), and water soluble ions (11.7%). Both the PM 2.5 EFs and EC proportions in DV were higher than those in GV, and the HMW PAHs were the dominant PAHs for both GV and DV. The PM 2.5 emissions from the vehicles in Yantai were 581 ± 513 tons to 1353 ± 1197 tons for GV, and 19,627 ± 2477 tons to 23,042 ± 2887 tons for DV, respectively.

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Maritime NO_x Emissions Over Chinese Seas Derived From Satellite Observations

Ding

Mijling

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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By applying an inversion algorithm to NOx satellite observations from Ozone Monitoring Instrument, monthly NOx emissions for a 10 year period (2007 to 2016) over Chinese seas are presented for the first time. No effective regulations on NOx emissions have been implemented for ships in China, which is reflected in the trend analysis of maritime emissions. The maritime emissions display a continuous increase rate of about 20% per year until 2012 and slow down to 3% after that. The seasonal cycle of shipping emissions has regional variations, but all regions show lower emissions during winter. Simulations by an atmospheric chemistry transport model show a notable influence of maritime emissions on air pollution over coastal areas, especially in summer. The satellite‐derived spatial distribution and the magnitude of maritime emissions over Chinese seas are in good agreement with bottom‐up studies based on the Automatic Identification System of ships.

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Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Cited by 93 publications

References 36 publications

Application of PMF receptor model merging with PAHs signatures for source apportionment of black carbon in the continental shelf surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Application of PMF receptor model merging with PAHs signatures for source apportionment of black carbon in the continental shelf surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Maritime NO_x Emissions Over Chinese Seas Derived From Satellite Observations

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Identification and quantification of shipping emissions in Bohai Rim, China

Cited by 93 publications

References 36 publications

Application of PMF receptor model merging with PAHs signatures for source apportionment of black carbon in the continental shelf surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Application of PMF receptor model merging with PAHs signatures for source apportionment of black carbon in the continental shelf surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Maritime NOx Emissions Over Chinese Seas Derived From Satellite Observations

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Product

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Maritime NO_x Emissions Over Chinese Seas Derived From Satellite Observations