Using an integrative mock-up simulation approach for evidence-based evaluation of operating room design prototypes

Abstract

This paper describes the process and tools developed as part of a multidisciplinary collaborative simulation-based approach for iterative design and evaluation of operating room (OR) prototypes. Full-scale physical mock-ups of healthcare spaces offer an opportunity to actively communicate with and to engage multidisciplinary stakeholders in the design process. While mock-ups are increasingly being used in healthcare facility design projects, they are rarely evaluated in a manner to support active user feedback and engagement. Researchers and architecture students worked closely with clinicians and architects to develop OR design prototypes and engaged clinical end-users in simulated scenarios. An evaluation toolkit was developed to compare design prototypes. The mock-up evaluation helped the team make key decisions about room size, location of OR table, intra-room zoning, and doors location. Structured simulation based mock-up evaluations conducted in the design process can help stakeholders visualize their future workspace and provide active feedback.

Mock ORs help engage perioperative personnel in design decisions

“…This recommendation to use mock ORs in the design process is further supported by a new study, in which researchers developed an evaluation tool to obtain feedback from end users at various design stages. 1 The use of this tool along with simulations performed in a mock OR aided the team in visualizing how the workspace would ultimately look, refining the design, and making decisions about room size and equipment and door locations. 1 The evaluation tool in this study was adapted from the Health Quality Council of Alberta in Calgary, which recently published a helpful framework on how to perform such evaluations (e.g., data collection, scope, timing, iterative design), how to construct the mock environment, and simulation roles and responsibilities.…”

“…3 These mock ORs allow perioperative personnel to move through a simulation of their clinical practice, including how they interact in the space and with equipment, other team members, and patients. 1,4 Evidence shows that mock ORs are ideal for identifying appropriate layouts, door placement, room size, and traffic and equipment flow, as well as addressing possible safety issues. 1,3 One key role of perioperative RNs in a simulated OR is to confirm that all required components, such as the surgical bed, anesthesia machine, suction canister, and back table, are present.…”

Surgical workflow simulation for the design and assessment of operating room setups in orthopedic surgery

“…User involvement enables a consensusbased decision-making process and improves the design of prototypes [45]. There are different techniques available, such as full-scale mockups and simulation [46] or virtual reality environments [47]. In this study, discrete event simulation, which provides a highly visual 3D model of the operating room was used for the improvement of the internal OR layout and to engage user involvement in the design process.…”

Surgical Workflow Simulation for the Design and Assessment of Operating Room Setups in Orthopedic Surgery

“…User involvement enables a consensus-based decision-making process and improves the design of prototypes [27]. There are different techniques available, such as full-scale mockups and simulation [28] or virtual reality environments [29]. In this study, discrete event simulation, which provides a highly visual 3D model of the operating room was used for the improvement of the internal OR layout and to engage user involvement in the design process.…”