Usefulness of topical immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester for refractory common warts on the face and neck

Hama, Naoto; Hatamochi, Atsushi; Hayashi, S.; Namikawa, Hiromi; Sotome, Akihiro; Hamasaki, Yoichiro; Yamazaki, Soji

doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00728.x

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Now, contact immunotherapy plays an important role in treating warts, when other options such as chemical destruction (salicylic acid and/or lactic acid topical paints) or physical destruction (liquid nitrogen cryotherapy) show unfavorable results [ 1 ]. It is a relatively painless treatment method, compared with traditional treatment modalities mentioned above that are destructive to tissues [ 38 ]. Unlike cryotherapy or salicylic acid, which impose direct destruction of the lesion including peripheral normal tissue, the “innocent bystander” hypothesis exists.…”

Section: Topical Immunotherapy In the Treatment Of Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Contact Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Skin Diseases Other than Alopecia Areata

Lai

Tsai

2022

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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For decades, contact immunotherapy with dinitrochlorobenzene, diphencyprone, and squaric acid dibutylester has played an important role in both clinical practice and scientific research. It is listed as the first-line treatment for extensive alopecia areata and was more recently approved for melanoma treatment as an orphan drug in the USA. Moreover, owing to the relative low cost and safety, topical immunotherapy has also been used in many infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory dermatological diseases. It is especially valuable in vulnerable groups, for cosmetic/pain sensitive areas, or for multiple lesions. In this review, we summarize the current evidence supporting the use of contact immunotherapy for treatment of skin diseases, from articles collected from PubMed database. Owing to space limitation and already numerous studies focusing on alopecia areata, we include only skin diseases other than alopecia areata. In addition to diseases that have been reported to be treated by contact immunotherapy, the hypothesized mechanism, prognosis prediction, efficacy, and safety of these topical agents are discussed.

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Section: Topical Immunotherapy In the Treatment Of Skin Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Contact Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Skin Diseases Other than Alopecia Areata

Lai

Tsai

2022

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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“…Acting by induction of a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction, SADBE stimulates a cell‐mediated response against the hapten‐bound viral proteins on antigen‐presenting cells, which can ultimately lead to wart resolution . Warts not directly treated using SADBE can also resolve during treatment of a distant wart, suggesting stimulation of a systemic immune response as well . Its use in the treatment of alopecia areata has demonstrated the long‐term safety of SADBE in children .…”

Section: Previous Squaric Acid Dibutyl Ester (Sadbe) Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although SADBE therapy, first used clinically in 1979, has been heavily studied in alopecia areata, few studies have evaluated its efficacy in the treatment of warts in children. The results of these studies, including case series and retrospective examination of cohorts, are shown in Table . Treatment methodologies vary between institutions.…”

Section: Previous Squaric Acid Dibutyl Ester (Sadbe) Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Efficacy and Safety of Squaric Acid Therapy for Treatment of Recalcitrant Warts in Children

Pandey

Wilmer

Morrell

2014

Pediatric Dermatology

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The objective of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE) therapy on the treatment of recalcitrant warts in children. This retrospective chart review examined 72 patients treated using SADBE from July 2002 to December 2012. Patients were followed for 6 months to 11 years. Patients were treated at a pediatric dermatology outpatient clinic at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Seventy-two children with verrucae who failed initial treatment for warts were selected for the study. Full long-term follow-up was obtained in 48 patients. Four patients discontinued the use of SADBE because of adverse effects. The primary study outcome was efficacy of SADBE treatment. Adverse effects, dosages administered, type of wart, other cutaneous disease present, and level of immunosuppression were measured. Forty of 48 (83%) patients in whom treatment outcomes could be obtained reported complete resolution of their warts. Seventy percent of patients used a maximum concentration of 0.4% SADBE and 60% of patients reported no adverse effects. The majority of patients treated with SADBE reported complete resolution of warts. Most patients reported no adverse effects even while receiving doses as high as 2% daily. This study shows that SADBE is a safe and effective treatment for recalcitrant warts in children.

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British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts 2014

et al. 2014

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Usefulness of topical immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester for refractory common warts on the face and neck

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Use of Contact Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Skin Diseases Other than Alopecia Areata

Use of Contact Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Skin Diseases Other than Alopecia Areata

Examining the Efficacy and Safety of Squaric Acid Therapy for Treatment of Recalcitrant Warts in Children

British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts 2014

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