Use of Water-Soluble Ligands in Homogeneous Catalysis

Synthesis, characterization and DFT study of new water-soluble aluminum(III), gallium(III) and indium(III) Schiff base complexes: effect of metal on the binding propensity with bovine serum albumin in water

“…Most ligands that are specifically designed for water solubility contain hydrophilic groups such as phosphonium, sulfonate and carboxylate moieties to increase the solubility of these compounds in water [21].…”

Asymmetric heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation; is it a useful tool for the synthetic organic chemist?

“…42 Water soluble ligands were also applied in hydrogenation reactions, 43 numerous studies were devoted to the enantioselective hydrogenation. [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Optically active amino acids were prepared from amidoacrylic acid and amidocinnamic acid precursors, usually with lower reaction rates and enantiomeric excesses than in the counterpart homogeneous reactions. A recent review of Dwars et al 34 reports an enhancement of enantioselectivity and activity in the hydrogenation of amino acid precursors in microheterogeneous (aqueous micellar) systems.…”

Molecular catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrotreating of coal liquids.

“…Biphasic and phase transfer catalysis technologies have attracted much attention in recent years due to their successful applications for hydroformulation and related processes (Lubineau et al, 1994;Wiebus andCornils, 1994, 1995). The basic principles of biphasic homogeneous catalysis were recently reviewed (Kalck and Monteil, 1992), and the general feature of the method were discussed at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop in 1994(NATO, 1994. At this workshop, the state-ofthe-art aqueous biphasic catalyst systems were highlighted (Haggin, 1994).…”