Use of Ultrasound to Locate Retained Testes in Dogs and Cats

Abstract

Ultrasound was used to locate undescended testes in 30 dogs and 4 cats where the final testicular location was determined surgically. Time between ultrasound and surgery ranged between 0 and 17 days. Forty-three testes (63.2%) were retained and 42/43 (97.7%) were detected ultrasonographically. Retained testes were located in the abdomen (n = 28) and inguinal region (n = 14). One retained testis could not be identified with use of ultrasound. Locations of retained testes ranged from the caudal pole of the kidney to the inguinal region. Descriptions of testicular echogenicity and size were not available for all testes. A 100% positive predictive value was found for all testes with use of ultrasound in both abdominal and inguinal regions. The sensitivity of ultrasound was 96.6% for abdominal and 100% for inguinal testes. Ultrasound is a sensitive test for location of retained testes, and supports the opinion that preoperative ultrasound can help facilitate location of retained testes prior to surgical exploration or laparoscopy. © 2012 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound.

Can testicular artery Doppler velocimetry values change according to the measured region in dogs?

“…The hemodynamic study of five regions of the testicular artery allowed for the identification of different wave patterns as well as different Doppler velocimetric values (PSV, EDV, RI and PI). The B‐mode enabled an evaluation of testicular architecture, which was in line with previous studies indicating that this method allows an accurate evaluation of the volume, position, contours, shape, echogenicity and ecotexture of the testicular parenchyma, and Doppler allowed for the study of the distribution and nature of hemodynamics in the testes (England, ; England et al, ; Paltiel et al, ), which could provide essential information for the study of affections, such as neoplasia, testicular twists and ectopic testicles (Davidson & Baker, ; England, ; Felumlee et al, ; Johnston, Feeney, Johnston, & O'Brien, ).…”

Canine cryptorchidism: An update

“…This is based on the findings that an intact dog has a larger and easily palpable prostate (Olson, Mulnix, & Nett, ) and shows a detectable elevation in serum testosterone concentration after challenge with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (Purswell & Wilcke, ). Although it has been previously suggested that ultrasonography may not be a sensitive method for the detection of cryptorchidism in dogs (Johnston et al, ), a recent study (Felumlee et al, ) has shown that it can in fact be a very good diagnostic method with a sensitivity of 96.6% for the detection of abdominal testes and 100% for the detection of inguinal testes. The study involved 30 dogs of multiple breeds and with a median age of 12 months (range 4–156 months).…”

Use of Non‐invasive Methods for Evaluating the Testicular Biometry in Collared Peccaries (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758)

“…This knowledge would be important because in male mammals, the relative size of the testis can provide significant information on the reproductive physiology, existence of pathologies, and even on the mating system (Caldeira et al., ). Accurate determination of morphometric testicular measurements, routinely used in veterinary medicine, is used to monitor disorders affecting testicular growth and development (Felumlee et al., ; Montoto et al., ), as associated to azoospermia and oligozoospermia in humans (Spears et al., ) and the effect of therapeutic or hormonal agents on the testes (Gouletsou et al., ). In addition, scrotal and testicular measurements, which are simple and inexpensive to obtain, have also been used to estimate testicular development (Spears et al., ) and to predict sperm production and semen quality, in different species, as dogs (Gouletsou et al., ), rams (Duguma et al., ) and bulls (Devkota et al., ).…”