Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis

Kruskal, William; Wallis, W. Allen

doi:10.2307/2280779

Cited by 1,956 publications

(958 citation statements)

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“…This test evaluates the hypothesis that the averages of each group are equal; it combines the data of every group and orders them from least to greatest, and subsequently calculates the average range for the data of each group (Kruskal & Wallis, 1952). Figure 2 shows the four color groups formed by the urban dust, based on the Munsell color card: I) Dark reds (2.5 YR), II) Grays (10 YR), III) Clear reddish browns (5 YR), and IV) Clear grayish-browns (10 YR).…”

Section: Análisis De Datosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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El color del polvo urbano como indicador de contaminación por elementos potencialmente tóxicos: el caso de Ensenada, Baja California, México

Cortés

Bautista

Quintana

et al. 2015

Rev Cha Se Cie For y del Amb

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C ontamination by potentially toxic elements (PTE) is not periodically evaluated, given that the chemical analyses have a high cost. The ashes and combustion fumes give the ground a dark color, which could serve as a proxy indicator. In this study, a methodology was designed to prove the use of the color of urban dust as an indicator of contamination by PTE, and the most contaminated color was identified. 86 dust samples from Ensenada, Baja California were analyzed. The color of the samples was measured and the color indices (CI) were calculated using the RGB system. Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Rubidium (Rb), Vanadium (V), Strontium (Sr), and Yttrium (Y) were analyzed through x-ray fluorescence methods. The samples were grouped by color using the Munsell tables; the groups were validated with a discriminant analysis using the color indices. The multiple regressions indicated that there exists a relation between the CI and the PTE. The averages of the analyzed elements in the samples grouped by color were different (Kruskal-Wallis, P < 0.05). Gray dust contains higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni. The color indices of urban dust can be considered a proxy methodology given their low cost, speed and reliability.Resumen L a contaminación por elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT) no se evalúa periódicamente, ya que los análisis químicos son de costo elevado. Las cenizas y humos de combustión otorgan color obscuro al suelo y afectan la salud de la población. El color podría funcionar como indicador proxy. En este trabajo se diseñó una metodología para probar el uso del color del polvo urbano como indicador de contaminación por EPT y se identificó el color más contaminado. Se analizaron 86 muestras de polvo de Ensenada, Baja California. El color de las muestras se midió y los índices de color (IC) se calcularon con el sistema RGB. El Níquel (Ni), Cobre (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Plomo (Pb), Rubidio (Rb), Vanadio (V), Estroncio (Sr) e Itrio (Y) se analizaron por fluorescencia de rayos X. Las muestras se agruparon por color con las tablas Munsell; los agrupamientos se validaron con un análisis discriminante utilizando los IC. Las regresiones múltiples indicaron que existe relación entre los IC y los EPT. Las medianas de los elementos analizados en las muestras agrupadas por color fueron diferentes (Kruskal-Wallis, P < 0.05). El polvo gris contiene mayores concentraciones de Pb, Cu, Zn y Ni. Los índices de color del polvo urbano pueden considerarse una metodología proxy debido al bajo costo, rapidez y confiabilidad.Received: February 4, 2015 / Accepted: July 7, 2015.Palabras clave: Índices de color; índice de rojez; índice de saturación; índice hue.

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Section: Análisis De Datosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Esta prueba evalúa la hipótesis de que las medianas de cada grupo son iguales, combina los datos de todos los grupos y los ordena de menor a mayor, posteriormente calcula el rango promedio para los datos de cada grupo (Kruskal & Wallis, 1952).…”

Section: Correlation Between Color Indices and Potentially Toxic Elemunclassified

El color del polvo urbano como indicador de contaminación por elementos potencialmente tóxicos: el caso de Ensenada, Baja California, México

Cortés

Bautista

Quintana

et al. 2015

Rev Cha Se Cie For y del Amb

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hypothesis testing was conducted using a preliminary goodness-of-fit (GOF) analysis to determine whether the datasets conform to normal and homoscedastic behavior; these included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Bartlett tests [24][25][26] . The GOF analysis showed that the datasets conformed to non-normal and heteroscedastic behavior; hence the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was appropriate 27 . An optimal post-hoc multiple-comparison test was conducted for each of the factors and interactions, to identify the specific pairwise combinations of levels of each factor and interaction contributing to overall variability 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of harm from electronic-cigarette use among a sample of US Navy personnel

Hall¹,

Austin²,

Tai³

et al. 2017

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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“…Data were submitted to the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05) (Kruskal and Wallis, 1952).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and biology of Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) (Hymenoptera; Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitising different species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Neotropical region

et al. 2012

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Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis

Cited by 1,956 publications

References 0 publications

El color del polvo urbano como indicador de contaminación por elementos potencialmente tóxicos: el caso de Ensenada, Baja California, México

El color del polvo urbano como indicador de contaminación por elementos potencialmente tóxicos: el caso de Ensenada, Baja California, México

Perceptions of harm from electronic-cigarette use among a sample of US Navy personnel

Occurrence and biology of Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) (Hymenoptera; Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitising different species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Neotropical region

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