Use of MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) and propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) as anaesthetics for the tetraAstyanax altiparanae(Teleostei, Characidae)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaesthetic effect of MS-222 and propofol and determine their optimal concentrations for safe handling of the tetra Astyanax altiparanae in the laboratory. The fish were separated by length into three classes: I (1.5-5.0 cm), II (5.1-8.0 cm) and III (greater than 8.1 cm). Pilot tests were performed to evaluate the appropriate anaesthetic concentrations for inducing the five possible anaesthetic stages: I -sedation; II -light anaesthesia; IIIdeep anaesthesia; IV -surgical anaesthesia; and V -spinal collapse. After defining the maximum and minimum concentrations required to induce stage IV anaesthesia, the animals were exposed to five intermediate concentrations (n = 10 fish/concentration) of each anaesthetic for 15 min. The animals were then transferred to clean water to evaluate the time required for recovery. In addition, blood glucose levels were measured for class II and class III fish subjected to the previously defined ideal concentrations for each of the tested anaesthetics (n = 10 fish/treatment). Both evaluated substances are suitable to anaesthetize A. altiparanae. The optimal MS-222 concentration was 90 mg L À1 , and this result was similar for all three size classes. The optimal propofol concentrations for inducing surgical anaesthesia in the size classes I, II and III were 0.22, 0.23 and 0.27 respectively.

Basil, tea tree and clove essential oils as analgesics and anaesthetics in Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830)

“…This result confirms that the fast elimination of the drugs is safer for animals, because showed that the fish's difficulty in eliminating from its body the basil oil components, possibly toxic for this species, increases the risks to the animal's health. The linear regression analysis demonstrated there was no correlation between the time of induction and anaesthesia recovery in any of the treatments in this study (clove oil: p = 0.2300, r = -0.1700 and r 2 = 0.0290; basil oil: p = 0.0614, r = 0.2749 and r 2 = 0.0756; tea tree oil: p = 0.0521, r = 0.2763 and r 2 = 0.0700); this was also found by Ostrensky et al (2015) in lambari Astyanax altiparanae submitted to MS-222 and propofol. The absence of correlation may indicate that the intervals of recovery time are more intensely related with the A. clarkii individual capacity to eliminate the drugs from the organism than with the time of exposure to the drug.…”

MS-222 and Propofol Sedation during and after the Simulated Transport of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…In this regard, increased serum glucose is usually mediated by the action of cortisol in response to most stressors through the mobilization of energy reserves to cope with the energetic demands of the situation [ 79 ]. Although cortisol was not changed by propofol in the current study and despite glucose control and regulation varying greatly between organisms [ 80 ], the increase in glucose levels has been described as a common hallmark of propofol anesthesia in aquatic organisms [ 26 , 74 , 81 , 82 ]. Also, although not described for propofol, transport studies have shown a negative and delayed correlation between cortisol and glucose concentrations in blood plasma, with the cortisol peak being reached immediately after the stressful situation while glucose increased over time [ 83 ].…”

Assessment of induction and recovery times of anaesthesia in Astyanax bimaculatus using 2‐phenoxyethanol and the essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia and Ocimum gratissimum

“…Interest in growing and cultivating Astyanax spp. has increased, but few essential oils with anaesthetic properties have been evaluated for use in this species (Ostrensky, Pedrazzani, & Vicente, ; Pereira‐da‐Silva, de Oliveira, Ribeiro, & Coppola, ; Pereira‐da‐Silva, de Oliveira, & Nero, ). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the lowest effective concentration (LEC) of 2‐phenoxyethanol and essential oils of M. alternifolia and O. gratissimum able to induce anaesthesia in A. bimaculatus .…”