Use of green coconut shells as an alternative substrate for the production of xanthan gum on different scales of fermentation

Abstract

Xanthan, a biopolymer with extensive industrial applications, is commercially produced by fermenting glucose or sucrose using the bacteria Xanthomonas. Green coconut shells, rich in nutrients, could be an alternative substrate to obtain xanthan. This study aimed to evaluate the production and rheological properties of xanthan obtained on different fermentation scales using green coconut shells as the substrate, using its production from sucrose for comparison. Media containing minimal nutritional requirements (carbon, urea, phosphate) were prepared. Upon changing from the conventional medium to the alternative medium there was a 30% increase in production using the shaker and 81% increase using the bioreactor. Increasing the fermentation scale resulted in an increased yield of xanthan and a 30% increase in apparent viscosity. Coconut shells deserve special attention, constituting a possibility for the large scale production of xanthan with cost reduction and application of a residue.

Glycerol as a carbon source for xantan production by Xanthomonas campestris isolates

“…A change in the viscosity of the cultivation broth is a clear indicator of xanthan being produced (7). Given that the viscosity, which is a direct measurement of the quality of a fluid (8), and the consistency factor (K) are proportional, the values of the consistency factor K ( Table 2) indicate a different quality and quantity of the synthesized biopolymer. The consistency factor is the highest when the Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951 strain is used in the glucose-based medium (0.8760 Pa·s n ) and the glycerol-based medium (0.1977 Pa·s n ).…”

“…The commercial media used for the production of xanthan contain glucose or sucrose as the carbon source, whose cost represents a critical factor in its production process from an economic perspective. If xanthan would be produced on a medium with a low-cost carbon source, production costs would decrease (8), which is why numerous waste effluents have been suggested as alternative carbon sources (2,9). Glycerol, the main by-product of the biodiesel production process, is one such cheap and available substrate used for the biotechnological production of various products, one of which is xanthan (10,11).…”

Review xanthan gum: produksi dari substrat biomassa, variabel efektif, karakteristik dan regulasi serta aplikasi dan potensi pasar

“…Kulit kelapa hijau (Nery et al, 2013) 13,6 (Kalogiannis et al, 2003). García-Ochoa et al (1992) juga telah melaporkan pengaruh nutrisi mikro seperti fospor, sulfur dan magnesium dalam biomassa untuk produksi xanthan gum.…”

“…Waktu fermentasi dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dan rendeman produksi xanthan gum yang dihasilkan. Nery et al (2013) (Habibi & Khosravi-darani, 2017).…”

Xanthan gum production by <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. mangiferaeindicae</i> from glycerin of biodiesel in different media and addition of glucose

“…Glucose is usually the most widely used carbon source in the production of xanthan gum (Rosalam & England, 2005), but other sources have been successfully studied to substitute and cheapen the process, such as whey (Nitschke, Rodrigues, & Schinatto, 2001), apple juice residue (Druzian & Pagliarini, 2007), soluble compounds of the green coconut shell (Nery, Cruz, & Druzian, 2013), cassava whey (Brandão, Esperidião, & Druzian, 2010), sugarcane juice (Brandão, Nery, Machado, Esperidião, & Druzian, 2008), lignocellulosic agro-industrial wastes (Silva et al, 2018) and glycerin from biodiesel (Brandão et al, 2013). Since glycerin is low in cost and represents an environmental problem, it is a good option, but further research is needed to determine optimum growth conditions.…”