Use of Expander Cottonseed Meal in Broiler Diets Formulated on a Digestible Amino Acid Basis

Abstract

This experiment was designed to evaluate the use of expander cottonseed meal (CSM) in broiler diets formulated on a digestible amino acid basis and to determine the tissue distribution of gossypol enantiomers and their relationship to gossypol consumption. Gossypol is an antinutritional polyphenolic pigment found in cottonseed. A total of 800 1-d-old broilers (Arbor Acres) was randomly divided into 40 groups of 20 birds each and placed in a broiler house with wood shavings litter. The CSM was included in starter and grower diets at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28% of the diet. Diets were formulated to have similar levels of digestible methionine and lysine as the 0% CSM control diet. At 21 d of age, five birds per pen were randomly selected for the determination of gossypol enantiomers in plasma, liver, heart, and breast muscle. Tissues were again collected at 42 d of age. Results of this experiment indicated that at 21 d of age cumulative body weight and feed-to-BW ratios of birds fed CSM diets were not significantly different from the control. By 35 d of age, feed-to-BW ratios of experimental birds fed the 28% CSM diet were significantly greater than the control birds, and by 42 d, BW were lower than those of the control group. Tissue concentrations of total, (+) and (-) gossypol increased linearly as the level of CSM increased. At 42 d, liver had the most gossypol with a ratio of 87% (+) gossypol to 13% (-) gossypol. Plasma contained 73% (+) gossypol and 27% (-) gossypol. Heart contained 45% (+) gossypol and 55% (-) gossypol. Breast muscle had the least gossypol. Results of this experiment indicated that expander solvent CSM could be fed to broilers at up to 21% of the total diet if amino acid digestibility was considered.

Cottonseed oil in diets for growing broilers

“…In general, research conducted with cotton by-products in diets for monogastrics has demonstrated a decline in performance of animals caused by increments in the levels of inclusion of these ingredients; however, this was not demonstrated in the current study, which implies that the addition of up to 6% of cottonseed oil in diets for growing broilers does not have a negative impact on the performance variables. This fact may be related to the level of free gossypol present in the oil utilized, the period of consumption, and the stress conditions to which the animals were subjected, which were not sufficient to compromise their feed intake, weight gain, or the feed conversion (Gamboa et al, 2001). No effects (P>0.05) of supplementation with ferrous sulfate were observed on the feed conversion of the birds or on the other performance variables (Table 3).…”

Growth performance and toxic response of broilers fed diets containing fermented or unfermented cottonseed meal

“…There are little data describing the precise mechanism of the gossypol effect on the liver. Gamboa et al (2001) for 3 weeks fed broilers with CSM diets and indicated highest concentration of TG in the liver, followed by kidney, plasma and muscle. Moreover, Rincon et al (1978) concluded that accumulation of gossypol in the pig organs was directly correlated with its dietary levels and the duration of ingestion.…”

“…Sterling et al (2002) demonstrated that CSM could replace SBM in broiler grower diets at higher protein levels (260 g · kg −1 of diet) to achieve similar performance. Gamboa et al (2001) indicated that CSM could be used successfully in chicken starter diets at levels up to 280 g · kg −1 diet for 3 weeks when diets were formulated on a digestible amino acid basis.…”

Nutritive and Feeding Value of Cottonseed Meal in Broilers – A Review

“…CSM did not significantly affect the liveability at the inclusion level (in per cent) of 28 (Gamboa et al, 2001), 20 (Henry et al, 2001), 30 (Watkins et al, 2002) and10 (Elangovan et al, 2003;Mandal et al, 2004).…”