Use of complex three-dimensional objects to assess visuospatial memory in healthy individuals and patients with unilateral amygdalohippocampectomy

Hampstead, Benjamin M.; Lacey, Simon; Ali, Sunita; Phillips, Pamela A.; Stringer, Anthony Y.; Sathian, K.

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.02.021

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A more direct test of this would be to compare multicolored objects to objects with a uniform color. Hampstead et al. (in press) found no significant difference in visual recognition performance between objects where each block was a different color and objects where each block was the same uniform gray.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Are surface properties integrated into visuohaptic object representations?

Lacey

Hall

Sathian

2010

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Object recognition studies have almost exclusively involved vision, focusing on shape rather than surface properties such as color. Visual object representations are thought to integrate shape and color information because changing the color of studied objects impairs their subsequent recognition. However, little is known about integration of surface properties into visuo-haptic multisensory representations. Here, participants studied objects with distinct patterns of surface properties (color in Experiment 1, texture in Experiments 2 & 3) and had to discriminate between object shapes when color/texture schemes were altered in within-modal (visual and haptic) and cross-modal (visual study/haptic test and vice versa) conditions. In Experiment 1, color changes impaired within-modal visual recognition but had no effect on cross-modal recognition, suggesting that the multisensory representation is not influenced by modality-specific surface properties. In Experiment 2, texture changes impaired recognition in all conditions, suggesting that both unisensory and multisensory representations integrate modality-independent surface properties. However, the cross-modal impairment might have reflected either the texture change or a failure to form the multisensory representation. Experiment 3 attempted to distinguish between these possibilities by combining changes in texture with changes in orientation, taking advantage of the known view-independence of the multisensory representation, but the results were not conclusive owing to the overwhelming effect of texture change. The simplest account is that the multisensory representation integrates shape and modality-independent surface properties. However, more work is required to investigate this and the conditions under which multisensory integration of structural and surface properties occurs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Are surface properties integrated into visuohaptic object representations?

Lacey

Hall

Sathian

2010

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…In AAS users, right amygdala connectivity was substantially more abnormal than left amygdala connectivity in terms of overall numbers of voxels exhibiting reduced connectivity, consistent with our structural finding of a greater right versus left amygdala enlargement in AAS users. Reduced right amygdala connectivity with the striate cortex (primary visual cortex, Brodmann area 17) and posterior hippocampus in AAS subjects could be related to the abnormal visuospatial memory detected in our AAS subjects, given that these regions all are involved in spatial information processing (Hampstead et al, 2010; Libby et al, 2014; Pegna et al, 2002). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Brain and cognition abnormalities in long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid users

Kaufman

Janes

Hudson

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with psychiatric symptoms including increased aggression as well as with cognitive dysfunction. The brain effects of long-term AAS use have not been assessed in humans. Methods This multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study of the brain compared 10 male weightlifters reporting long-term AAS use with 10 age-matched weightlifters reporting no AAS exposure. Participants were administered visuospatial memory tests and underwent neuroimaging. Brain volumetric analyses were performed; resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (rsFC) was evaluated using a region-of-interest analysis focused on the amygdala; and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) metabolites were quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Results AAS users had larger right amygdala volumes than nonusers (P=0.002) and reduced rsFC between right amygdala and frontal, striatal, limbic, hippocampal, and visual cortical areas. Left amygdala volumes were slightly larger in AAS users (P=0.061) but few group differences were detected in left amygdala rsFC. AAS users also had lower dACC scyllo-inositol levels (P=0.004) and higher glutamine/glutamate ratios (P=0.028), possibly reflecting increased glutamate turnover. On a visuospatial cognitive task, AAS users performed more poorly than nonusers, with the difference approaching significance (P=0.053). Conclusions Long-term AAS use is associated with right amygdala enlargement and reduced right amygdala rsFC with brain areas involved in cognitive control and spatial memory, which could contribute to the psychiatric effects and cognitive dysfunction associated with AAS use. The MRS abnormalities we detected could reflect enhanced glutamate turnover and increased vulnerability to neurotoxic or neurodegenerative processes, which could contribute to AAS-associated cognitive dysfunction.

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“…For example, the perception of reachable space surrounding the body can be extended, or “remapped,” following motor training with a real tool, but the same does not happen after motor training with a virtual reality tool (Ferroni et al, 2022). The effect of realness on memory advances various translational predictions, including that real objects may be preferable to pictures for facilitating learning and memory in the classroom (Strouse & Ganea, 2021), for maximizing sensitivity in neuropsychological evaluations (Beaucage et al, 2020; Hampstead et al, 2010), and perhaps for facilitating performance in individuals for whom memory function is disrupted due to brain injury (Sirigu et al, 1991), developmental disorder (Humphreys & Riddoch, 1999), natural aging (Tran et al, 2021), or neurodegenerative conditions (Clemenson & Stark, 2015). Our protocols demonstrate how real-world stimuli can be used in experimental contexts to maximize ecological validity without sacrificing experimental control (Romero & Snow, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human memory for real-world solid objects is not predicted by responses to image displays.

Snow¹,

Gomez²,

Compton³

2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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In experimental psychology and neuroscience, computerized image stimuli are typically used as artificial proxies for real-world objects to understand brain and behavior. Here, in a series of five experiments (n = 165), we studied human memory for objects presented as tangible solids versus computerized images. We found that recall for solids was superior to images, both immediately after learning, and after a 24-hr delay. A "realness advantage" was also evident relative to three-dimensional (3-D) stereoscopic images, and when solids were viewed monocularly, arguing against explanations based on the presence of binocular depth cues in the stimulus. Critically, memory for solids was modulated by physical distance, with superior recall for objects positioned within versus outside of observers' reach, whereas recall for images was unaffected by distance. We conclude that solids are processed quantitatively and qualitatively differently in episodic memory than are images, suggesting caution in assuming that artifice can always substitute for reality. Public Significance StatementScientists study vision, thinking, and memory by running controlled laboratory experiments; results from the laboratory are then generalized to understand brain function in real-world contexts. In laboratory studies of human memory, scientists measure responses to visual stimuli (such as common objects) which are typically presented as images on a computer screen, rather than as real-world solid objects. Here, we show that memory for real-world objects cannot be predicted based on responses to artificial image displays. This work suggests that stimulus realism influences how information is processed in the brain, questioning how well results from studies of artificial stimuli generalize to explain behavior in the natural world.

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Use of complex three-dimensional objects to assess visuospatial memory in healthy individuals and patients with unilateral amygdalohippocampectomy

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Are surface properties integrated into visuohaptic object representations?

Are surface properties integrated into visuohaptic object representations?

Brain and cognition abnormalities in long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid users

Human memory for real-world solid objects is not predicted by responses to image displays.

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