Use of an Esophageal-Fistula Cannula for Collecting Forage Samples by Grazing Sheep

Crude Protein in Rumen Contents and in Forage

“…Hand-clipped samples, taken as the observer watches the animal graze, do not reliably match the composition of the animal's forage intake (Hardison et al, 1954;Anon., 1962;Lesperance et al, 1960). Now, with rumen and esophageal fistula techniques, the animal itself does the collecting (Torell, 1954;Cook et al, 1958). This paper deals mainly with comparisons between crude protein values for rumen fistula samples and for handclipped samples of Arizona cottontop (Trichachne californica [Benth.1 Chase) and Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees).…”

Number of Fistula Samples Needed for Determination of Sheep Diet on Sagebrush-Grass Range

“…In mid-May, 1968, twelve 2-yearold wethers, fitted with permanent esophageal cannulae (Cook et al, 1958), were used to collect vegetation samples representing the diet of sheep Samples for botanical analysis were washed in a 0.073-inch sieve, rinsed with a 5% solution of acetic acid to remove saliva, ovendried at 50?C and ground in a Wiley mill with a 0.0 3 9-inch screen. Samples were analyzed at the Composition Analysis average density (number per unit area) can be calculated from the species frequency in a sample by the formula F = 100 (I-e-D), where F is frequency, D is density, and e r epresents the logarithmic base 2.71828.…”

Consumo e digestibilidade de novilhos Nelore sob pastagem suplementados com misturas múltiplas

“…Foram preparados dois animais com fístula esofagiana, de acordo com a técnica citada por Cook et al(1958), os quais foram utilizados na colheita do material selecionado na dieta (extrusa).…”