Use of a flowing helium atmosphere incubation technique to measure the effects of denitrification controls applied to intact cores of a clay soil

Scholefield, D.; Hawkins, J. M. B.; Jackson, S. M.

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00059-x

Cited by 83 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, in the laboratory experiment, significantly different N 2 O emissions were not observed between the two adjusted soil moisture contents, but total denitrification was considerably higher at 100 % WFPS compared to 70/83 % WFPS for both sites. This was in line with investigations by Scholefield et al (1997), who found a greater than 50-fold increase in denitrification activity with increasing WFPS from 70 % to 90 %. Beside soil moisture, the dependency of denitrification activity on temperature, as found for field N 2 O fluxes, becomes even more apparent regarding the results from the incubation experiment, particularly for samples from site D-2.…”

Section: Factors Controlling Temporal and Site-specific Variation In supporting

confidence: 92%

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) forest

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) forests on peat soils have been reported to be hotspots for high nitrous oxide (N 2 O) losses. High emissions may be attributed to alternating water tables of peatlands and to the incorporation of high amounts of easily decomposable nitrogen (N) into the ecosystem by symbiotic dinitrogen (N 2 )-fixation of alder trees. Our study addressed the question to what extent drainage enhances the emissions of N 2 O from black alder forests and how N turnover processes and physical factors influence the production of N 2 O and total denitrification. The study was conducted in a drained black alder forest with variable groundwater tables at a southern German fen peatland. Fluxes of N 2 O were measured using the closed chamber method at two drained sites (D-1 and D-2) and one undrained site (U). Inorganic N contents and net N mineralization rates (NNM) were determined. Additionally a laboratory incubation experiment was carried out to investigate greenhouse gas and N 2 fluxes at different temperature and soil moisture conditions. Significantly different inorganic N contents and NNM rates were observed, which however did not result in significantly different N 2 O fluxes in the field but did in the laboratory experiment. N 2 O fluxes measured were low for all sites, with total annual emissions of 0.51 ± 0.07 (U), 0.97 ± 0.13 (D-1) and 0.93 ± 0.08 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 yr −1 (D-2). Only 37 % of the spatiotemporal variation in field N 2 O fluxes could be explained by peat temperature and groundwater level, demonstrating the complex interlinking of the controlling factors for N 2 O emissions. However, temperature was one of the key variables of N 2 O fluxes in the incubation experiment conducted. Increasing soil moisture content was found to enhance total denitrification losses during the incubation experiment, whereas N 2 O fluxes remained constant. At the undrained site, permanently high groundwater level was found to prevent net nitrification, resulting in a limitation of available nitrate (NO − 3 ) and negligible gaseous N losses. N 2 O flux rates that were up to four times higher were measured in the incubation experiment. They reveal the potential of high N 2 O losses under changing soil physical conditions at the drained alder sites. The high net nitrification rates observed and high NO − 3 contents bear the risk of considerable NO − 3 leaching at the drained sites.

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Section: Factors Controlling Temporal and Site-specific Variation In supporting

confidence: 92%

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) forest

et al. 2014

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“…The measurements of N 2 , N 2 O and CO 2 fluxes were applied following the He-O 2 method (Butterbach-Bahl et al, 2002;Scholefield et al, 1997). Six soil cores (i.e.…”

Section: Determination Of Gas Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential short-term losses of N2O and N2 from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Fiedler

Augustin

Wrage‐Mönnig

et al. 2017

SOIL

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Abstract. Biogas digestate (BD) is increasingly used as organic fertilizer, but has a high potential for NH 3 losses. Its proposed injection into soils as a countermeasure has been suggested to promote the generation of N 2 O, leading to a potential trade-off. Furthermore, the effect of high nutrient concentrations on N 2 losses as they may appear after injection of BD into soil has not yet been evaluated. Hence, we performed an incubation experiment with soil cores in a helium-oxygen atmosphere to examine the influence of soil substrate (loamy sand, clayey silt), water-filled pore space (WFPS; 35, 55, 75 %) and application rate (0, 17.6 and 35.2 mL BD per soil core, 250 cm 3 ) on the emission of N 2 O, N 2 and CO 2 after the usage of high loads of BD. To determine the potential capacity for gaseous losses, we applied anaerobic conditions by purging with helium for the last 24 h of incubation. Immediate N 2 O and N 2 emissions as well as the N 2 / (N 2 O+N 2 ) product ratio depended on soil type and increased with WFPS, indicating a crucial role of soil gas diffusivity for the formation and emission of nitrogenous gases in agricultural soils. However, emissions did not increase with the application rate of BD. This is probably due to an inhibitory effect of the high NH + 4 content of BD on nitrification. Our results suggest a larger potential for N 2 O formation immediately following BD injection in the fine-textured clayey silt compared to the coarse loamy sand. By contrast, the loamy sand showed a higher potential for N 2 production under anaerobic conditions. Our results suggest that short-term N losses of N 2 O and N 2 after injection may be higher than probable losses of NH 3 following surface application of BD.

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“…During respiratory denitrification, denitrifiers couple reduction of N-oxides to oxidation of organic C under anaerobic conditions and produce adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) by phosphorylation (Firestone, 1982;Linn & Doran, 1984;Tiedje, 1988, Smith, 1990Cavigelli & Robertson, 2001 Denitrifiers are usually aerobic bacteria; however they prefer to use N-oxides at a low O 2 level (Tiedje, 1988). Biological denitrification thus requires; NO 3 -as a substrate (more than 2 mg NO 3 --N per kg of soil) as an electron acceptor, absence of O 2, which is related to a high soil moisture content >60% WFPS, available organic C as an electron donor, suitable soil pH, which generally ranges from 5 to 8 (optimum at 7) and a soil temperature range between 5 and 30 o C (optimum 25 o C) (Ryden & Lund, 1980;Ryden, 1983;Goodroad & Keeney, 1984;Scholefield et al, 1997;Barton et al, 1999;Swerts et al, 1997;Aulakh et al, 2001;Zaman et al, 2004;Zaman et al, 2007Zaman et al, , 2008Zaman et al, b c, 2009Zaman & Nguyen, 2010). However, the most critical factors are the NO 3 -concentrations, anaerobic conditions and the availability of soluble organic C (Zaman et al, 2007;2008bc).…”

Section: Denitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Denitrification becomes a major source of N 2 O and N 2 production at lower O 2 partial pressure (<0.5 vol. %) and higher WFPS (>60%) (Davidson, 1993;Scholefield et al, 1997;Bronson & Fillery, 1998;Khalil et al, 2002). In such scenarios, more aerobic soils are likely to produce mainly N 2 O because denitrification reductases (Eq.…”

Section: Soil Aeration and Water Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently we found that riparian wetland soils treated with NO 3 --N (200 kg N ha -1 rate) emitted 4 and 8 times more N 2 O and N 2 respectively than pasture soils during 28-day incubation (Zaman et al, 2008 c). However, the relative production of N 2 O and N 2 in anaerobic or aerobic soil conditions is not that simple since O 2 level or WFPS is only one of the many known soil and management factors which affect this relationship (Fillery, 1983;Scholefield et al, 1997;Stevens & Laughlin, 1998;Zaman et al, 2008b). In their comprehensive review on emissions of N 2 O and NO from fertilized fields published, Bouwman et al (2002) concluded that restricted drainage and fine texture favors N 2 O emissions.…”

Section: Soil Aeration and Water Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Zaman¹,

Nguyen²,

Šimek³

et al. 2012

Greenhouse Gases - Emission, Measurement and Management

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Use of a flowing helium atmosphere incubation technique to measure the effects of denitrification controls applied to intact cores of a clay soil

Cited by 83 publications

References 32 publications

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Potential short-term losses of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

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Use of a flowing helium atmosphere incubation technique to measure the effects of denitrification controls applied to intact cores of a clay soil

Cited by 83 publications

References 32 publications

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (&lt;i&gt;Alnus glutinosa&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (&lt;i&gt;Alnus glutinosa&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Potential short-term losses of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

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Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Potential short-term losses of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils