Urticaria Associated with Amoeboid Forms of Blastocystis spp

Kantardjiev, Vessel; Galev, Andrey; Broshtilova, V.

doi:10.9734/ajrid/2019/v2i330105

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, irritable bowel syndrome and urticaria sensitization were also reported. 7 , 8 Several genomic, in vitro, and in vivo studies have identified multiple virulence factors of Blastocystis sp. and demonstrated the parasite’s pathological effects on the intestine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Genetic Characterization of Blastocystis Species in Patients from Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Wakid¹,

WT²,

MN³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background: Blastocystis species (sp.) are gastrointestinal protozoan parasites with high prevalence rates worldwide. Blastocystis sp. show extensive genetic diversity with 17 different subtypes (STs) described to date. A few studies have investigated the prevalence and STs of Blastocystis sp. in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Therefore, we aimed in this study to identify and characterize subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in the City of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 140 patients who presented to King Abdulaziz Hospital, Hera General Hospital and Modern Medical Center in Saudi Arabia. Different microscopic examination methods of patients' stools and molecular analyses (using primers targeting SSU rRNA gene) were performed to identify and characterize STs of Blastocystis sp. Results: Our microscopic examination of stool samples showed that 96/140 patients (68.6%) had Blastocystis sp. infection. Clinical examination of infected patients revealed that 81 patients were symptomatic, whereas 15 were asymptomatic. Next, we isolated DNA from Blastocystis sp.-positive stool samples followed by PCR amplification of small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and sequence analysis. Our sequence analysis showed that subtype 3 (ST3) was the most prevalent (53.13%) followed by subtype 1 (ST1) (45.83%), whereas subtype 2 (ST2) was the least prevalent (1.04%). Moreover, our results showed that all three STs resulted in more symptomatic than asymptomatic cases. Finally, we identified novel haplotypes which comprised of 8 ST3, 6 ST1, and one ST2 haplotypes. Conclusion: Our identification of several haplotypes in patients' stools confirms the genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. and may explain the reported low host specificity and differential pathogenicity of Blastocystis sp. We believe that additional molecular epidemiological and genomic studies are needed to understand the prevalence and pathogenicity of different subtypes in humans and animal hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Genetic Characterization of Blastocystis Species in Patients from Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Wakid¹,

WT²,

MN³

et al. 2022

IDR

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“…( 3 ) In comparison with other parasites, such as Giardia , Cryptosporidium , and Entamoeba , Blastocystis does not display morphologically virulent features such as flagella, although it secretes enzymes cysteine proteases and cathepsin B as putative virulence factors ( 4 , 33 , 34 ). Although the amoeboid form is usually detected in symptomatic individuals ( 35 , 36 ), no massive outbreaks associated with Blastocystis have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Histamine Receptor 2 Antagonists on Blastocystis ST3 and Selected Microorganisms of Intestinal Microbiota In Vitro

Lepczyńska

Dzika

Chen

et al. 2021

Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology

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INTRODUCTION: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine receptor 2 (H2) antagonists are commonly prescribed medications. Association between PPIs and alteration of the gut microbiota has been reported. Blastocystis , the most common intestinal protozoan worldwide, occurs in both healthy and symptomatic people with gastrointestinal or cutaneous disorders, with controversial pathogenicity. The current study was aimed to investigate the influence of PPIs and H2 blockers on the in vitro proliferation of selected intestinal bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. METHODS: Cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Escherichia coli , Enterococcus faecium , Candida albicans , and Blastocystis subtype 3 were treated with different concentrations of respective medications in vitro , and the numbers of microorganisms were quantified and compared. RESULTS: Pantoprazole and esomeprazole exerted a significant inhibition on Blastocystis and C. albicans , especially at higher concentrations, which were even more effective than metronidazole. On the other hand, treatment with pantoprazole caused an increase in proliferation of L. rhamnosus and E. coli . There was no influence of H2 blockers on the examined microorganisms. DISCUSSION: PPIs, such as pantoprazole, can be a potential treatment in the prophylaxis or eradication of Blastocystis and C. albicans .

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“…Other hypothesis suggests that Th-2 immune response activation is needed to mediate an increase in IgE antibody synthesis (16,17). Recently, it was proven that only the amoeboid form of Blastocystis spp.expresses pathogenic potential by adhering to the gut epithelial cells lining to enhance inflammatory cells recruitment (12,16). More than 95% of urticarial patientsshowed amoeboid form of the microorganism, which undoubtedly confirm their greater virulence (12,18).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Manifestations in Blastocystis Spp. Infection

Vassilev

Davidovska²

2019

Probl Infect Parasit Dis

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The pathogenic potential of Blastocystis spp. is extremely controversial. Recently, many researchers have discussed its inductive role in the etiology of various dermatological syndromes such as palmoplantar pruritus, acute, and chronic urticaria. The growing number of urticaria patients showing improvement after eradication of Blastocystis spp. infection, has proven its causative nature. Herein, we present a broad overview of the modern concept of the precise parasitological verification in the routine work-up of urticaria patients.

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Urticaria Associated with Amoeboid Forms of Blastocystis spp

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Identification and Genetic Characterization of Blastocystis Species in Patients from Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Identification and Genetic Characterization of Blastocystis Species in Patients from Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Influence of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Histamine Receptor 2 Antagonists on Blastocystis ST3 and Selected Microorganisms of Intestinal Microbiota In Vitro

Cutaneous Manifestations in Blastocystis Spp. Infection

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