Urolithiasis—a study of drinking water hardness and genetic factors

Churchill, David; Maloney, C. M.; Bear, J. C.; Bryant, D. G.; Fodor, George; Gault, M. H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(80)90060-0

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Age analysis in our series showed a high occurrence of urinary stones among children up to 10 years (31.51%) and adults 21-30 years (19.84%) which is in agreement with other studies. 12,[15][16][17][18] Calculi occurred in various sites in the urinary tract were in the following order of frequency vesical < renal < uretral < urethral (42%), (45.16%), (21%) and (4.66%) respectively in our series. The prevalence of vesical stones was extremely high in pediatric age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Clinical Pattern of Urinary Stone Disease in Our Setting

Memon¹,

Athar²,

Akhund³

2010

Annals KEMU

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Objectives:To study the basic clinical pattern of urinary stone disease in our setting.Study design: Descriptive study. Subjects: A total of 257 urolith patients with different stone burden enrolled in the study.Methodology: Structured and standardized history and clinical investigations collected in all of urolith patients. The diagnosis of stone disease was based on history, physical examination followed by KUB x-ray, ultrasonography and IVU .All patients subjected to open stone surgery. The data were analyzed prospectively with outcome measures of gender, stone location, clinical presentation and operative procedures. Results:Out of 257 patients 181 (70.42%) were male and 76 (29.56%) female with male to female ratio of 2.3:1.The age ranged from 1 year to 80 with the mean of 25.8 years. The peak incidence of upper urinary tract stones was in 20-30 years while lower urinary tract stones in both sexes were under 10 years (Table 1). Anatomical distribution of stone showed 116 (45.16%) renal, 21 (8.17%) ureteric, 108 (42%) bladder and 12 (4.66%) urethral calculi ( Table 2). The commonest clinical presentation was that of pain in 67.31% of patients associated with haematuria in 26.7% of cases. Clinical urinary tract infection (UTI) was in 15% and 8.9% of patients had spontaneous stone passage (lithuria). The symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) including retention of urine were in 7% of cases. Calculus anuria was in 1.9% of cases and 8.1% patients had asymptomatic stones. Bilithiasis (chole-nephrolithiasis) was in 5% of cases (Table 3). Open stone surgery included 84 (32.68%) simple pylolithotomies, 15 (5.83%) extended pylolithotomies, 6 (2.33%) pylolithotomy and pyloplasty, 5 (1.94%) nephrolithotomy, 6 (2.33%) nephrectomies, 21 (8.17%) uretrolithotomy, Cystolithotomy was 113 (43.96%) cystolithotomy, 2 (0.77%) urethrolithotomy and meatotomy in 5 (1.94%) of patients. Conclusion:Urolithiasis is increasing problem with high frequency of bladder stones and male predominance in our part of Sindh province. Open surgery is still needed to treat the patients where modern and minimally invasive therapeutic modalities are out of reach and non-availability in public sector. Establishment of modern stone clinics in rural setup is the need of today's medical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Clinical Pattern of Urinary Stone Disease in Our Setting

Memon¹,

Athar²,

Akhund³

2010

Annals KEMU

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“…O grupo controle consumia água na concentração de 12,0mg CaCO 3 /L, sendo a dureza de carbonatos de 8,0mg CaCO 3 / L e a de magnésio de 3,4mg CaCO 3 /L. Churchill et al (1980) e Gomes et al (1987) sugerem que a água com elevada dureza influencia na formação e crescimento de urólitos em humanos. Sahinduran et al (2007), concluíram em seu estudo com bovinos, em regiões da Turquia, que a dureza da água pode contribuir para a urolitíase.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Urolitíase: estudo comparativo em bovinos Guzerá oriundos de propriedades com e sem o problema

Sacco

Lopes

2011

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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206Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(3):206-212, março 2011 RESUMO.-Diversos fatores podem contribuir para a formação de cálculos urinários, dentre estes, o desequilíbrio nutricional e a dureza da água consumida pelos ruminantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as característi-cas de propriedades que predispõem à urolitíase, através da avaliação da água, da dieta e determinações séricas e urinárias de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, cloretos, sódio, potássio, cálculo da excreção fracionada (EF) dos eletróli-tos, e da creatinina, proteína total, albumina e globulinas séricas. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue e urina de bovinos, Guzerá, criados semi intensivamente, distribuí-dos por dois grupos. O primeiro denominado grupo urolitía-se (Gu), composto de animais com histórico, sinais clíni-cos e confirmação ultrassonográfica que apresentavam urolitíase; o segundo: grupo controle (Gc), sem histórico, nem sintomas da doença. Os bovinos do grupo urolitíase consumiam água com dureza total na concentração de 166,0mg CaCO 3 /L. A dieta dos animais do Gu apresentava maior concentração de fósforo e relação Ca:P inadequada. Os teores de fósforo sérico e urinário dos animais do Gu foram maiores do que os do Gc, assim como a concentração sérica de magnésio (p<0,05 Many factors can contribute to the formation of urinary calculi, amongst these, the nutritional imbalances and the hardness of the water consumed by ruminants. The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of properties which predispose to urolithiasis, through the evaluation in rural properties of the water, diet, and serum and urinary determinations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorides, sodium, potassium, calculation of the fractional electrolyte excretion (FE), and creatinine, total protein serum levels, albumin and globulins. Samples of blood and urine of bovines, Guzerá, reared semi intensively, distributed for two groups, the first one, called urolithiasis group (Gu), composed by animals with history, clinical signals and ultrasonography confirmation of urolithiasis; the second one: controlled group (Gc), without history, nor signs of the illness. The bovines of the urolithiasis group consumed water with total hardness in the concentration of 166.0mg CaCO3/ L. The diet of the animals of the Gu presented greater phosphorus concentration and inadequate Ca:P relation. The levels of serum and urinary phosphorus of the animals of the Gu were higher of the Gc, as well as the serum magnesium concentration (p<0,05). The creatinine concentrations didn't have an increase in the urolithiasis group, but occurred hypoproteinemia for hypoglobulinemia in the Gu (p<0,05). The FEs of calcium, phosphorus and sodium had not differed between the groups (p>0,05), but had significant reduction in the FEs of magnesium, chlorides and potassium of the urolithiasis group (p<0.05). The union of these factors contributed for urolithiasis occurrence, being the total hardness of the water and the high phosphorus diet concentration the major factors in genesis of the calcu...

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“…Many early investigators have documented an inverse relationship between drinking water hardness and calcium urolithiasis (Churchill et al, 1978;Churchill et al, 1980;Shuster et al, 1982). The reason for such an inverse relationship was not well known.…”

Section: Cysteinementioning

confidence: 99%