Urine collection methods for non-toilet-trained children in biological monitoring studies: Validation of a disposable diaper for characterization of tebuconazole exposure

Oerlemans, Arné; Dael, Maurice van; Vermeulen, Roel; Rüssel, Frans G. M.; Scheepers, Paul T.J.

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.018

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, interest in this sampling technique has grown, and a few studies have been published in this regard. In particular, urine extracted from diapers has been used to investigate the exposure of children to organophosphate insecticides [ 39 ], neonicotinoid insecticides [ 40 ], pyrethroid insecticides [ 41 ], tebuconazole [ 42 ], and phenolic endocrine disruptors [ 43 ] such as bisphenol A, bisphenol A analogs [ 44 ], triclosan, and phthalates [ 37 ]. These studies outlined several advantages on the use of diapers to collect urine in order to perform large surveys of young populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Seven Phthalate Monoesters in Infants and Toddlers Quantified in Urine Extracted from Diapers

Lucarini

Blanchard

Krasniqi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Carrying out exposure studies on children who are not toilet trained is challenging because of the difficulty of urine sampling. In this study, we optimized a protocol for urine collection from disposable diapers for the analysis of phthalate metabolites. The exposure of Swiss children (n = 113) between 6 months and 3 years of life to seven phthalates was assessed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurements. The study showed limited exposures to phthalates, with only 22% of the samples containing some of the metabolites investigated. The three most frequently detected metabolites were monoethyl phthalate, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate, and mono-benzyl phthalate. We also detected mono-n-octyl phthalate and mono(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate, which have rarely been observed in urine from infants and toddlers; therefore, di-n-octyl phthalate and bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate can be considered as potentially new emerging phthalates. This study presents an initial snapshot of the Swiss children’s exposure to phthalates and provides a promising approach for further phthalate biomonitoring studies on young children using disposable diapers as urine sampling technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Seven Phthalate Monoesters in Infants and Toddlers Quantified in Urine Extracted from Diapers

Lucarini

Blanchard

Krasniqi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…There also is a desire in the pediatric community to determine novel ways to run studies using non-invasive practices, of which urine and fecal matter, both constituted as waste-products, have a certain appeal. However, urine has specific challenges [64][65][66]. For instance, urine must be considered over a 24-h period of time, as opposed to a single spot urine, for some analytes [67,68]; however, this can be impractical in infant populations [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake Influences Metabolites in Healthy Infants: A Scoping Review

et al. 2020

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Metabolites are generated from exogenous sources such as diet. This scoping review will summarize nascent metabolite literature and discriminating metabolites for formula vs. human- milk-fed infants. Using the PICOS framework (P—Patient, Problem or Population; I—Intervention; C—Comparison; O—Outcome; S—Study Design) and PRISMA item-reporting protocols, infants less than 12 months old, full-term, and previously healthy were included. Protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (OSF). Publications from 1 January 2009–2019 were selected, for various biofluids, study designs, and techniques (such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)). From 711 articles, blinded screening of 214 articles using Abstrackr® software, resulted in 24 for final review. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were adopted, which included a 24-point checklist. Articles were stratified according to biofluid. Of articles reporting discriminating metabolites between formula- and human milk-fed infants, 62.5% (5/8) of plasma/serum/dried blood spot, 88% (7/8) of urine and 100% (6/6) of feces related articles reported such discriminating metabolites. Overall, no differences were found between analytical approach used (targeted (n = 9) vs. un-targeted (n = 10)). Current articles are limited by small sample sizes and differing methodological approaches. Of the metabolites reviewed herein, fecal metabolites provided the greatest distinction between diets, which may be indicative of usefulness for future diet metabolite-focused work.

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“…An exposure assessment strategy was developed to include personal sampling, environmental sampling, and the collection of contextual information. Additional experimental studies were conducted to generate complementary information on methods of urine collection from non–toilet trained infants [ 27 ], the toxicokinetics of human metabolites of pesticides [ 28 ], as well as experimental applications to better understand pesticide spray drift and volatilization. The study design is shown in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study examined the success scores of sample collection by parents/caretakers and acceptance scores by infants and parents/caretakers. The most successful and best-accepted method—and also the one that collected a sufficient urine volume (>5 mL) to allow biomarker analyses—was the disposable diaper [ 27 ]. This was the method used for urine collection in non–toilet trained infants in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Exposure of Residents Living Close to Agricultural Fields in the Netherlands: Protocol for an Observational Study

Figueiredo¹,

Krop²,

Duyzer³

et al. 2021

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Application of pesticides in the vicinity of homes has caused concern regarding possible health effects in residents living nearby. However, the high spatiotemporal variation of pesticide levels and lack of knowledge regarding the contribution of exposure routes greatly complicates exposure assessment approaches. Objective The objective of this paper was to describe the study protocol of a large exposure survey in the Netherlands assessing pesticide exposure of residents living close (<250 m) to agricultural fields; to better understand possible routes of exposure; to develop an integrative exposure model for residential exposure; and to describe lessons learned. Methods We performed an observational study involving residents living in the vicinity of agricultural fields and residents living more than 500 m away from any agricultural fields (control subjects). Residential exposures were measured both during a pesticide use period after a specific application and during the nonuse period for 7 and 2 days, respectively. We collected environmental samples (outdoor and indoor air, dust, and garden and field soils) and personal samples (urine and hand wipes). We also collected data on spraying applications as well as on home characteristics, participants' demographics, and food habits via questionnaires and diaries. Environmental samples were analyzed for 46 prioritized pesticides. Urine samples were analyzed for biomarkers of a subset of 5 pesticides. Alongside the field study, and by taking spray events and environmental data into account, we developed a modeling framework to estimate environmental exposure of residents to pesticides. Results Our study was conducted between 2016 and 2019. We assessed 96 homes and 192 participants, including 7 growers and 28 control subjects. We followed 14 pesticide applications, applying 20 active ingredients. We collected 4416 samples: 1018 air, 445 dust (224 vacuumed floor, 221 doormat), 265 soil (238 garden, 27 fields), 2485 urine, 112 hand wipes, and 91 tank mixtures. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study on residents’ exposure to pesticides addressing all major nondietary exposure sources and routes (air, soil, dust). Our protocol provides insights on used sampling techniques, the wealth of data collected, developed methods, modeling framework, and lessons learned. Resources and data are open for future collaborations on this important topic. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/27883

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Urine collection methods for non-toilet-trained children in biological monitoring studies: Validation of a disposable diaper for characterization of tebuconazole exposure

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Concentrations of Seven Phthalate Monoesters in Infants and Toddlers Quantified in Urine Extracted from Diapers

Concentrations of Seven Phthalate Monoesters in Infants and Toddlers Quantified in Urine Extracted from Diapers

Dietary Intake Influences Metabolites in Healthy Infants: A Scoping Review

Pesticide Exposure of Residents Living Close to Agricultural Fields in the Netherlands: Protocol for an Observational Study

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