Urine as an alternative fertilizer in agriculture: Effects in amaranths (<i>Amaranthus caudatus</i>) production

AdeOluwa, O. O.; Cofie, Olufunke O.

doi:10.1017/s1742170511000512

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Urine as a potential fertiliser has attracted much attention in the treatability sector with a large range of literature exploring the agricultural fertiliser potential (Palmquist and Jönsson, 2004;Karak and Bhattacharyya, 2011;AdeOluwa and Cofie, 2012). Urine presents less danger to human health in comparison to faeces and contains few enteric microorganisms, however, some human pathogen microorganisms such as Schistosoma haematobium, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi and Leptospira interrogans as well as helminth eggs can be found in the urine fraction (Feachem et al, 1978;Heinonen-Tanski and van Wijk-Sijbesma, 2005).…”

Section: Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology

Rose

Parker

Jefferson

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

962

704

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The safe disposal of human excreta is of paramount importance for the health and welfare of populations living in low income countries as well as the prevention of pollution to the surrounding environment. On-site sanitation (OSS) systems are the most numerous means of treating excreta in low income countries, these facilities aim at treating human waste at source and can provide a hygienic and affordable method of waste disposal. However, current OSS systems need improvement and require further research and development. Development of OSS facilities that treat excreta at, or close to, its source require knowledge of the waste stream entering the system. Data regarding the generation rate and the chemical and physical composition of fresh feces and urine was collected from the medical literature as well as the treatability sector. The data were summarized and statistical analysis was used to quantify the major factors that were a significant cause of variability. The impact of this data on biological processes, thermal processes, physical separators, and chemical processes was then assessed. Results showed that the median fecal wet mass production was 128 g/cap/day, with a median dry mass of 29 g/cap/day. Fecal output in healthy individuals was 1.20 defecations per 24 hr period and the main factor affecting fecal mass was the fiber intake of the population. Fecal wet mass values were increased by a factor of 2 in low income countries (high fiber intakes) in comparison to values found in high income countries (low fiber intakes). Feces had a median pH of 6.64 and were composed of 74.6% water. Bacterial biomass is the major component (25–54% of dry solids) of the organic fraction of the feces. Undigested carbohydrate, fiber, protein, and fat comprise the remainder and the amounts depend on diet and diarrhea prevalence in the population. The inorganic component of the feces is primarily undigested dietary elements that also depend on dietary supply. Median urine generation rates were 1.42 L/cap/day with a dry solids content of 59 g/cap/day. Variation in the volume and composition of urine is caused by differences in physical exertion, environmental conditions, as well as water, salt, and high protein intakes. Urine has a pH 6.2 and contains the largest fractions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium released from the body. The urinary excretion of nitrogen was significant (10.98 g/cap/day) with urea the most predominant constituent making up over 50% of total organic solids. The dietary intake of food and fluid is the major cause of variation in both the fecal and urine composition and these variables should always be considered if the generation rate, physical, and chemical composition of feces and urine is to be accurately predicted.

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Section: Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology

Rose

Parker

Jefferson

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

962

704

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This raises public health concerns due to possible crop contamination with pathogens where vegetables are eaten uncooked (Amoah et al, 2006). In developing countries, continued use of untreated wastewater and manure as fertilizers for the production of vegetables is a major contributing factor to contamination that causes numerous foodborne disease outbreaks (Johannessen et al, 2002;AdeOluwa, and Cofie, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of bacteriological contaminants of some vegetables irrigated with Awash River water in selected farms around Adama town, Ethiopia

Benti¹,

Kebede²,

Menkir³

2014

J. Microbiol. Antimicrob.

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Food safety issues are of growing concern to consumers globally because of the risk associated with consumption of foods contaminated with pathogens in irrigated vegetables. The study was conducted to assess the extent of bacterial contamination of vegetables due to irrigation with polluted Awash River water. Three leafy vegetable samples, namely, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. longifolia) and spinach (Spinacea oleracea) from both farms were examined for bacterial contaminants. The results show that spinach was found to be the most heavily contaminated vegetable in both farms by aerobic bacteria. The aerobic mesophilic bacterial count on this vegetable was 2. ) was recorded in cabbage sampled from Wonji Gefersa. The high microbial contamination rates associated with these vegetable samples indicated poor water quality for irrigation employed in the overall production of vegetables in the study area.

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“…Increased exchangeable Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + observed in our study resulted from their addition through urine and were expected as leachate was returned to the substrate throughout the experiments. An increase in soil cations due to urine fertilization has also been reported in field trials [21,22]. The high content of water extractable…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Effect of NaCl-Induced Salinity and Human Urine Fertilization on Substrate Chemical Properties

Boh¹,

Sauerborn²

2014

OJSS

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We evaluated the effect of NaCl-induced salinity and successive urine fertilization on changes in cultivation substrate chemical properties in a greenhouse study. The substrate was composed of an equal volume ratio mixture of bio-waste compost, quartz sand and silty loam soil. Salinity was imitated by adding NaCl solutions to a known substrate weight achieving three target salinity treatments of EC e 1.3 (S0-no NaCl), 4.6 (S1) and 7.6 (S2) dS•m −1. Cultivation substrate had been cropped with two cycles of maize (Zea mays L.) (crop cycles I and II) and fertilized with human urine at N amounts of 0 (U0-no urine), 180 (U1) and 360 (U2) mg•kg −1 substrate in the first cycle and half of the urine-N dosages in cycle II. Substrate samples collected at the end of each cycle were analyzed for pH KCl , EC e , exchangeable and water extractable cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+), cation exchange capacity, water extractable anions (Cl − , 3 NO − , 2 4 SO − , 4 PO 3−) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Exchangeable Na + , K + and Ca 2+ were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by salinity x urine interaction. EC e significantly increased by 7.3, 5.3 and 7.6 dS•m −1 in the S0, S1 and S2 treatments following an increase in urine from U0 to U2. In the S0 treatment, ESP increased in the order U0 < U1 < U2. Extractable 3 NO − and Cl − were significantly affected by crop cycle, salinity and urine interactions (p < 0.05) whereas the effect of urine fertilizer on extractable 2 4 SO − and 4 PO 3− depended on crop cycle alone. There was a tendency towards increasing soil sodicity with mounting urine fertilization. The level of NaCl salinity and the amount of urine applied are important determinants of substrate chemical properties. Adoption of appropriate management techniques to avoid salinity/sodicity build up should be included in urine fertilization planning.

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Urine as an alternative fertilizer in agriculture: Effects in amaranths (Amaranthus caudatus) production

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology

The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology

Assessment of bacteriological contaminants of some vegetables irrigated with Awash River water in selected farms around Adama town, Ethiopia

Effect of NaCl-Induced Salinity and Human Urine Fertilization on Substrate Chemical Properties

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