Urinary Tract Prostheses and their Biocompatibility

Ureteral Segmental Replacement Using Multilayer Porcine Small-Intestinal Submucosa

“…The attempts to use synthetic biomaterials such as polyvinyl and gelatin sponges, Teflon, Silastic, and Gore-Tex for this purpose have failed. 9,10 Trials of natural materials such as lyophilized dura, peritoneum, pericardium, placenta, fascia, and collagen matrix have been unsuccessful as well. 9,10 The reasons for failure have been foreign-body reaction, stone formation, infection, fistula, graft shrinkage, bone formation, and the lack of normal tissue incorporation into the graft.…”

“…9,10 The reasons for failure have been foreign-body reaction, stone formation, infection, fistula, graft shrinkage, bone formation, and the lack of normal tissue incorporation into the graft. 9 In addition, none of these materials has been able to provide physiological functionality such as ability to contract or to promote peristaltic waves.…”