Urinary Tract Infections

Sobel, Jack D.; Kaye, Donald

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4801-3.00074-6

Cited by 48 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 220 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is caused by P. mirabilis , Morganella morganii, Providencia stuartii, Corynebacterium urealyticum , Candida species; and recurrent UTI is caused by P. mirabilis , K. pneumoniae , Enterobacter species, antibiotic-resistant E. coli , Enterococcus species, and Staphylococcus species. [ 10 ] The predominant isolates in our study were E. coli , followed by Klebsiella species. These findings are in conformity with the reports by other researchers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Bacteria causing urinary tract infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern at tertiary hospital in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A BSTRACT Context: Clinicians face one of the most common bacterial infections in developing countries that is urinary tract infection (UTI). Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for selecting appropriate therapy. Aims: In this study, we investigated the various bacteria causing UTI and determined the sensitivity and resistance of antibiotics pattern against most prevalent uropathogens isolated from patients at tertiary hospital, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective study of urine culture conducted in King Fahad Hospital at Al-Baha in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Laboratory reports and patient medical files of both inpatient and outpatient were collected between June 2017 and May 2018, targeting both male and female of age above 18 years of age, who had been treated for UTI. Results: A total of 349 patients’ urine report was studied to identify the uropathogens. Escherichia coli was the main etiologic agent in community and hospital-acquired infections. The majority of the bacteria was isolated from female (60%), whereas the remaining (40%) was from male. The most common isolates were E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli Extended spectrum beta-lactamases , Pseudomonas , and K. pneumoniae ESBL (these represented 37.82%, 19.20%, 10.89%, 10.32%, 6.59%, and 3.72%, of isolate, respectively). UTI due to E. coli was at a higher rate during summer than during winter. This study showed that ciprofloxacin (20.29%) and cefuroxime (16.14%) are most prescribed medications, followed by ceftriaxone (12.96%) and then tazocin (8.80%). Imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, and colistin were highly sensitive for most types of bacteria, but gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin. Gram-positive bacteria showed highly resistance to cefoxitin. Conclusion: The microbial culture and sensitivity of the isolates from urine samples should be carried out as a routine before starting the antimicrobial therapy. Current knowledge of the antibiotic sensitivity/resistance patterns of uropathogens at a particular geographical region is a guiding factor for choosing an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment rather than following universal guidelines.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Bacteria causing urinary tract infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern at tertiary hospital in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…K. pneumoniae is the second most common cause of UTIs after E. coli, often due to the use of indwelling catheters 21 . Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections encountered in medical practice affecting a large patient population irrespective of age and gender with a global prevalence estimated to be around 150 million persons per year [22][23][24] .…”

Section: Africanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta lactamases-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in selected hospitals of Anyigba, Nigeria

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are commonly implicated in urinary tract infections accounting for majority of the antimicrobial resistance encountered in hospitals. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among patients in Anyigba, Nigeria. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using urine samples from 200 patients of Grimmard Catholic hospital and Maria Goretti hospital. Urine samples were processed to identify ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneu- moniae using standard microbiological techniques. Isolates were then tested against antimicrobial agents. Results: A total of 156 bacterial isolates were recovered consisting 128 of E. coli and 28 of K. pneumoniae. Extended spec- trum beta-lactamases production was observed in 69% of E. coli and 31% of K. pneumoniae. These pathogens were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Of the antimicrobials tested, cefotaxime demonstrated the highest rates of resistance (100%) for both ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Fifty-four isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli showed a high level of resist- ance to amoxicillin clavulanic acid (83.3%), ciprofloxacin (83.3%), and ceftazidime (79.6%). ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae iso- lates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (75%), and amoxicillin clavulanic acid (83.3%). Cefoxitin (62.5%) and gentamicin (66.7%) showed substantially higher rates of resistance against these isolates while all 24 strains were resistant to imipenem. Conclusion: This study indicated the prevalence of ESBL-positive Gram-negative pathogens in these study sites and also demonstrated their resistance to a few antibiotics. This highlights the need for new antimicrobials that are potent and im- proved policy on use of antibiotics. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; ESBLs; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Anyigba.

show abstract

“…Male gender, pregnancy, history of UTI in the last 2 weeks, history of admission to the hospital in the last 30 days, presence of diabetes mellitus, obstructive uropathy, or the presence of a urinary catheter on sampling were considered as complicating factors. 7 Acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC)female nonpregnant patients without complicating factors, presenting with at least one urinary symptom (i.e., frequency, dysuria, hematuria, suprapubic pain, excluding fever, or vaginal symptoms) and a positive urine culture were assigned to the AUC group. 7 We divided microbiological outcome into the following five categories: 1.…”

Section: Complicated Utimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fosfomycin versus Nitrofurantoin for the Treatment of Lower UTI in Outpatients

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin are increasingly being prescribed in outpatients for the oral treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). Although ample literature is available on the in vitro sensitivity pattern of fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin in UTI cases, clinical data are scant. Methodology Voided midstream urine, collected from patients ≥ 16 years of age of both genders with suspected sign and symptoms, was plated on cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient agar. Uropathogen was defined as an organism known to be associated with the signs and symptoms of UTI with > 105 colony forming units/mL of urine. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Further, for fosfomycin, agar dilution method was also performed. Results A total of 143 patients, 47 treated with fosfomycin and 96 with nitrofurantoin, were followed for clinical outcome. The most common isolated uropathogen was Escherichia coli. In vitro susceptibility rate of uropathogens against fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin was 99.3% and 81.2%, respectively. Overall, the clinical cure rate with fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin treatment groups was 80.85% and 90.06% respectively (not statistically significant). Conclusion Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin showed good in vitro activity against uropathogens from lower UTI and can be used for empirical therapy in our area. Multiple confounding factors may have contributed to the discrepancy between in vitro susceptibility and clinical cure, which needs to be studied further.

show abstract

Urinary Tract Infections

Cited by 48 publications

References 220 publications

Bacteria causing urinary tract infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern at tertiary hospital in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study

Bacteria causing urinary tract infections and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern at tertiary hospital in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta lactamases-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in selected hospitals of Anyigba, Nigeria

Fosfomycin versus Nitrofurantoin for the Treatment of Lower UTI in Outpatients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About