Urinary System

Drolet, Richard

doi:10.1002/9781119350927.ch22

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Obstructive urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the presence of uroliths in the urinary tract, with consequent obstruction of excretion pathways (Radostits et al 2000, Cianciolo & Mohr 2016. Uroliths or calculi are macroscopic mineral concretions, which are composed by precipitated urinary solutes, associated with small amounts of organic matter (Drolet 2012, Cianciolo & Mohr 2016. Urolithiasis affects similarly males and females; however, urinary obstruction is a condition exclusively reported in males, mainly in castrated hogs (Radostits et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case descriptions of urolithiasis affecting pigs are scarce when compared with other domestic species (Drolet 2012). Nevertheless, similarly to other species, males are more frequently affected due to specific features regarding their urinary tract morphologic anatomy (Maes et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The condition is sporadically detected in pigs of all age groups and is occasionally observed as an incidental finding in pigs at the slaughter. Urinary calculi found in pigs may present various compositions, including calcium carbonate, calcium apatite, magnesium ammonium phosphate, uric acid, and urate (Drolet 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary calculi formation frequently results from the interaction of physiologic and nutritional factors with husbandry practices (Loretti et al 2003), and is mainly related to the excessive or imbalanced ingestion of minerals present in the drinking water and feed (McIntosh 1978, Larson 1996, Radostits et al 2000, Drolet 2012). Imbalance in the calcium and phosphorus ratio leads to high excretion of urinary phosphate, which is an important factor in the formation of phosphate calculi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary pH, reduced water intake, urinary stasis, treatment with certain drugs, and preexisting urinary tract disease are also factors associated with the occurrence of urolithiasis. Such predisposing factors may act synergistically for calculi formation or play a role individually (Drolet 2012, Sobestiansky 2012). In the present study, the epidemiological and clinical-pathological findings of outbreaks of urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs in Southern Brazil are reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs

et al. 2019

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ISSN 0100-736X (Print) ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) RESUMO.-[Urolitíase obstrutiva em suínos de crescimento e terminação.] Urolitíase obstrutiva é uma enfermidade caracterizada pela presença de urólitos no trato urinário, com consequente obstrução das vias de excreção. Este artigo descreve os achados epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de 22 surtos de urolitíase em suínos de crescimento e terminação no Sul do Brasil. Os suínos afetados eram machos e clinicamente apresentavam letargia, disúria, prolapso retal, abaulamento do abdômen, extremidades cianóticas e relutância em movimentar-se. A duração dos sinais clínicos variou de 12 horas a uma semana, e a letalidade foi de 100%. As alterações macroscópicas caracterizaram-se por ruptura da bexiga com acentuada quantidade de líquido de coloração amarelada e odor amoniacal (urina) livre na cavidade abdominal ABSTRACT.-Lorenzett M.P., Cruz R.A.S., Cecco B.S., Schwertz C.I., Hammerschmitt M.E., Schu D.T., Driemeier D. & Pavarini S.P. 2019. Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39 (6):382-387. Obstructive urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the presence of uroliths in the urinary tract, with consequent obstruction of excretion pathways. This paper described the epidemiological and clinical-pathological findings of 22 outbreaks of urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs in Southern Brazil. All affected pigs were male and clinical presentation consisted of lethargy, dysuria, rectal prolapse, abdominal distention, peripheral cyanosis and reluctance to move. Clinical progression course ranged from 12 hours to one week, and the lethality rate was 100%. Gross changes were characterized by urinary bladder rupture associated with marked amount of yellowish liquid with ammoniacal odor (urine) in the abdominal cavity (uroperitoneum), as well as mild fibrin deposition on the surface of abdominal organs and hydronephrosis. Urinary uroliths ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter were often observed obstructing the lumen of the penile urethra and sometimes those were free in the abdominal cavity. Histopathological findings included diffuse and marked urinary bladder edema and hemorrhage associated with inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Diffuse and marked necrosis of the mucosal epithelium was observed in the penile urethra. Intense fibrin deposition and inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils were noted in the peritoneum, as well as in the serosa of the organs in the abdominal cavity. Uroliths were submitted to the method of qualitative determination of the mineral components, and were compatible with calcium carbonate and magnesium ammonium phosphate. Growing pigs ration analysis revealed low levels of calcium in relation to phosphorus, resulting in a Ca:P ratio of approximately 0.35:1. Histological findings and mineral analysis suggest that outbreaks of urolithiasis were related to a nutritional imbalance in the proportions of dietary calcium and phosphorus. The main cause of mortality was related to...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs

et al. 2019

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Reproductive health of the sow during puerperium

Björkman

Kauffold

Kaiser

2022

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The modern hyperprolific sow is susceptible to metabolic disease and chronic inflammation. The most sensitive phase is parturition, when the sow experiences systemic inflammation and stress, and major changes in metabolism and endocrinology. Resolution of inflammation and stress needs to happen quickly to ensure good reproductive health during puerperium. If the sow fails to adapt to these changes, puerperal disease may occur. The economically most important puerperal disease complex is the postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS). Other puerperal diseases include infections of the urogenital tract. Diagnosis of PPDS and urogenital disease on‐farm is challenging but several diagnostic methods, including clinical examination, behavioral observations, ultrasonography and biomarkers are available. Ultrasonography is an excellent tool for monitoring the health of the urogenital tract, the mammary gland, and uterine involution and guide further diagnostic interventions. Biomarkers such as Chromogranin A, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6 represent promising tools to monitor general health and the systemic state of inflammation and oxidative stress of the sow. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, dopamine antagonists, and oxytocin are promising to address the symptoms of PPDS. Reducing of stress, improving nutrition and intestinal health, and supporting animal welfare‐friendly husbandry help in the prevention of PPDS.

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Porcine ear necrosis

Malik

Chiers

Boyen

et al. 2021

The Veterinary Journal

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Porcine ear necrosis (PEN) is a condition that mainly occurs in intensive pig production systems and mostly affects piglets after weaning. The syndrome manifests itself with lesions on the pinna, which can heal or become more severe resulting in partial loss of the ear. The pathogenesis of the condition is not fully known. Three different hypotheses for the development of PEN are described in this review: (1) damage of the epidermis due to Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins; (2) occlusion of small blood vessels; and (3) ear biting with subsequent β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Risk factors have not been completely elucidated, but viral and bacterial infections, and husbandry factors such as environment, housing conditions and management, have been suggested. It is also possible that some cases are due to a combination of these factors. The role of parasitic infestations has been not investigated. Due to bacterial involvement, severely affected pigs can be treated with antimicrobials. Control and preventive measures should focus on reducing potential risk factors by implementing herd immunization, as well as improvement of sanitary conditions, feed quality (with respect to mycotoxin contamination), management (appropriate stocking density), and environmental conditions (e.g. number of drinkers and feeders and/or optimal ventilation). Further research is needed to better understand the precise etiology and pathogenesis of PEN, so that risk factors can be identified and more targeted control measures can be implemented.

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Urinary System

Cited by 13 publications

References 70 publications

Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs

Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs

Reproductive health of the sow during puerperium

Porcine ear necrosis

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