Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs

Lorenzett, Marina Paula; Cruz, Raquel Aparecida Sales da; Cecco, Bianca Santana de; Schwertz, Claiton I.; Hammerschmitt, Márcia Elisa; Schu, Daniela T.; Driemeier, David; Pavarini, Saulo Petinatti

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6229

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These ratios are wider according to the recommended Ca:P ratio of 1.17 for growing pigs [ 23 ]. A Brazilian study on urolithiasis in pigs found much lower Ca:P ratios (0.35 and 1.05) together with low Ca concentrations (1.589 g/kg and 4.404 g/kg) [ 2 ]. In that study, calcium carbonate and magnesium ammonium phosphate were found, and the problems disappeared after the adjustment of the dietary Ca:P ratio to 2:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urolithiasis Problems in Finishing Pigs

Vrielinck,

Janssens,

Chantziaras

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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This paper describes cases of urolithiasis in fattening pigs on two farms (A and B). Bladder rupture due to urethral obstruction with calculi was the principal finding during the necropsy of the pigs. An in-depth diagnostic examination was performed to elucidate possible pathophysiological mechanisms, namely Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) analysis of the uroliths, blood analysis (farm A: 5 samples, farm B: 10 samples) for assessing concentrations of minerals, the bone resorption marker cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D components, biochemical urinalysis (farm A: 5 samples, farm B: 7 samples), microscopic examination of urinary sediment (Farms A and B: 7 samples each), mineral composition of the feed, and analysis of the drinking water. Calcium carbonate was the main component found in stones from both farms, and calcium carbonate and struvite were the main components found in crystals from farms A and B, respectively. On farm A, urinary calcium excretion and urinary pH were high; on farm B, urinary phosphorus was high and urinary calcium was low with a normal urinary pH. The mineral compositions of the feed and drinking water were similar on both farms and could therefore not explain the difference between the two farms. Disturbances in calcium and phosphorus absorption and homeostasis might have been involved in these problems. Further research should focus on the calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels in the feed and take into account other factors, such as the absorption and excretion of minerals due to gut and urinary microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In male finishing pigs, urinary calculi or uroliths in the urinary tract can lead to obstruction of the urethra, followed by bladder rupture and finally death [ 1 , 2 ]. Urinary calculi consist of minerals that can form crystals under specific pathological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithiasis Problems in Finishing Pigs

Vrielinck,

Janssens,

Chantziaras

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Urine turbidity was associated with presence of sediment, which in turn, was associated with crystalluria. Urine may sometimes contain less sediment compared to the amount observed in the bladder through ultrasonographic depiction [ 44 ]. However, our collection method of mid-stream urine after gentle shaking of urinary bladders for about a minute led to a rather homogenous distribution of urine sediment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary tract infections in culled sows from Greek herds: prevalence and associations between findings of histopathology, bacteriology and urinalysis

et al. 2021

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Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) of sows characterized by cystitis, which may progress to ureteritis and pyelonephritis, can affect their productivity, longevity and welfare. In this study, we determined the prevalence of UTI by histopathology and bacteriology. Furthermore, we investigated possible associations between histologically confirmed cystitis and the results of urinalysis and urine cultures in culled sows from three farrow-to-finish herds in Greece. Materials and methods One hundred eighty-five routinely culled sows were included in the study. Their urinary bladder was collected from abattoirs and subjected to histopathology. Furthermore, urinalysis and urine cultures were performed on urine samples aseptically collected from the bladders. Results Histologically confirmed cystitis was evident in 85/185 (45.94%) culled sows. Among those, 44 (51.76%) suffered from acute and 41 (48.24%) from chronic inflammation. The majority of positive urine cultures were due to colonization of the urinary tract with E.coli, which accounted for 55.81% of the total cases, followed by Staphylococcus spp. which accounted for 18.60% of detected infections. Evidence of cystitis was associated with bacteriuria and sows with bacteriuria were 2.30 (P = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.10–4.83) times more likely to have histologically confirmed cystitis compared to sows with negative urine cultures. Bacteriuria was associated with proteinuria (P < 0.01, OR = 9.72, 2.63–35.88), increased urine pH (P < 0.01, 3.40, 1.10–10.56) and presence of sediment (P < 0.01, 6.00, 1.50–23.76) in urine. Sows with proteinuria had 9.72 (P < 0.01, 2.63–35.88) times higher odds of bacteriuria than those without. Histologically defined cystitis was associated with proteinuria (P < 0.01, 2.03–13.20) and decreased urine pH (P < 0.01, 0.13–0.72). Sows with proteinuria were 5.18 (P < 0.01, 2.03–13.2) times more likely to have histological lesions consistent with cystitis, than those without. For one unit increase in pH, it was 3.20 (P = 0.006, 1.39–7.69) times less likely for a sow to have chronic or acute cystitis compared to absence of cystitis. Conclusion In the studied population, UTI affected almost one out of two culled sows. Bacteriuria, which was more common among sows with UTI than those without, was mainly ascribed to members of the intestinal and environmental bacteria. Proteinuria and the existence of urine sediment which were associated with UTI, could be used as proxy traits for UTI in live sows.

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“…In our data, crystalluria was highly associated with presence of urine sediment. Crystals in urine may be either the result of small abnormalities in the mineral composition of the feed, such as imbalance in calcium and phosphorus intake 40 , and/or the result of insu cient water consumption and/or, alternatively, be induced by local infections 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary tract infections in culled sows from Greek herds: prevalence and associations between findings of histopathology, bacteriology and urinalysis

Cernat

Skampardonis

Papadopoulos

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) of sows which include cystitis, which may progress to ureteritis and pyelonephritis affect their productivity, longevity and welfare. In this study we determined the prevalence of UTI by histopathology and bacteriology and investigated possible associations between histologically confirmed cystitis and the results of urinalysis and urine cultures in culled sows from three Greek farrow-to-finish herds. Materials and methods Routinely culled sows were included in the study. Their urinary bladders were collected from abattoirs and examined histopathologically. Furthermore, urinalysis and urine cultures were performed on urine samples aseptically collected from the bladders. Results Histologically confirmed cystitis was evident in 85/185 (45.94%) culled sows. Among those, 44 (51.76%) suffered from acute and 41 (48.24%) from chronic inflammation. The majority of the positive urine cultures were due to colonization of the urinary tract with E.coli, which was responsible for 55.81% of the total cases, followed by Staphylococcus spp. which caused 18.60% of the infections detected. Evidence of cystitis was associated with bacteriuria and sows with bacteriuria were 2.30 (p = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.10–4.83) times more likely to have histologically confirmed cystitis compared to sows with negative urine cultures. Bacteriuria was associated with proteinuria (p < 0.01), urine pH (p < 0.01) and presence of sediment (p < 0.01) in urine. Sows with proteinuria had 9.72 (2.63–35.88) times higher odds of bacteriuria than those without. Histologically defined cystitis was associated with proteinuria (p < 0.01) and increased urine pH (p < 0.01). Sows with proteinuria were 5.18 times (2.03–13.2) more likely to have histological lesions consistent with cystitis, than those without. Conclusions In the studied herds, UTI affected almost one out of two culled sows. Bacteriuria, which was more common among sows with UTI than those without, was mainly ascribed to members of the intestinal and environmental microbiota. Proteinuria and the existence of urine sediment which were associated with UTI may be proposed as likely on-farm predictors of UTI in live sows.

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Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Urolithiasis Problems in Finishing Pigs

Urolithiasis Problems in Finishing Pigs

Urinary tract infections in culled sows from Greek herds: prevalence and associations between findings of histopathology, bacteriology and urinalysis

Urinary tract infections in culled sows from Greek herds: prevalence and associations between findings of histopathology, bacteriology and urinalysis

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