Urinary parabens in children from South China: Implications for human exposure and health risks

Lu, Shaoyou; Ren, Lu; Liu, Yanlin; Ma, Huimin; Liu, Shan; Zhu, Zhaojie; Zhi, Tian; Li, Kang; Liao, Shicheng

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113007

Cited by 31 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The standard deviation value was calculated using blank measurement value analysis. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated by multiplying the standard deviation value obtained for each element by three times [ 10 , 47 ]. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was calculated by multiplying the standard deviation value obtained for each element by ten times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China

Zhang,

Guo,

Hua

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Metal pollution may lead to a variety of diseases; for this reason, it has become a matter of public concern worldwide. However, it is necessary to use biomonitoring approaches to assess the risks posed to human health by metals. In this study, the concentrations of 14 metal elements in 181 urine samples obtained from the general population of Gansu Province, China, were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Eleven out of fourteen target elements had detection frequencies above 85%, namely, Cr, Ni, As, Se, Cd, Al, Fe, Cu and Rb. The concentrations of most metal elements in the urine of our subjects corresponded to the medium levels of subjects in other regional studies. Gender exerted a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the concentrations of Tl, Rb and Zn. The concentrations of Ni, As, Pb, Sr, Tl, Zn, Cu and Se showed significant differences among different age groups and the age-related concentration trends varied among these elements. There were significant differences in the urine concentrations of Zn and Sr between those subjects in the group who were frequently exposed to soil (exposed soil >20 min/day) and those in the group who were not, indicating that people in regular contact with soil may be more exposed to metals. This study provides useful information for evaluating the levels of metal exposure among general populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China

Zhang,

Guo,

Hua

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…Urine samples were also taken from the subjects for the creatinine test performed by the Hitachi 704 automatic analyzer [ 6 , 19 ]. A total of 6 ml of urine sample was kept in glass containers at −20°C until the day of the experiment to measure the TCC and 2,4-DCP concentration [ 44 , 51 – 53 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Urinary Triclocarban and 2,4‐Dichlorophenol Concentration and Their Relationship with Obesity and Predictors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Children and Adolescents in Kerman, Iran

Nasab

Mirzaee

Hashemi

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) at an early age can lead to chronic diseases. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and Triclocarban (TCC) are among EDCs that disrupt the endocrine system and alter the body's metabolism. In the present study, the hypothesis that exposure to 2,4-DCP and TCC affects obesity and predictors of cardiovascular diseases was investigated. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL (tests were performed on 79 children and adolescents. Also, blood pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI), and BMI z-score were measured to examine the hypothesis. Urinary concentrations of TCC and 2,4-DCP were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Mean concentrations of TCC and 2,4-DCP (µg/L) were higher in obese individuals (5.50 ± 2.35, 0.29 ± 0.13, respectively). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, the results showed an increase in TCC concentration among girls and a decrease in 2,4-DCP among boys with increasing age. The 2,4-DCP concentration among girls increased by 0.007 and 0.01 units with a one-unit increase in Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and FBS, respectively. There was a significant relationship between TCC and TG (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.02, p -value = 0.007), LDL (OR = 1.05, p -value = 0.003), and HDL (OR = 0.88, p -value = 0.002). There was also a significant relationship between 2,4-DCP and TG (OR = 1.02, p -value = 0.002), LDL (OR = 1.12, p -value = 0.007), and HDL (OR = 0.92, p -value = 0.02). Exposure to TCC and 2,4-DCP can increase some heart risk factors and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and obesity. However, to confirm the results of the present study, it is necessary to conduct further studies, such as cohort and case-control studies, with a larger sample size to examine the causal relationships.

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“…To perform biochemical experiments on children and adolescents in the fasting state, 2 mL blood samples were taken for examination of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) using a Hitachi 704 auto-analyzer (Tokyo, Japan) (3,24,30). 10 mL urine was also taken in glass containers; to prevent cross-contamination, the use of plastic equipment in the experiment was prohibited and glass containers were used instead, and then, stored at -24°C (31,32). The random creatinine was measured by a Hitachi 704 automatic analyzer (Tokyo, Japan) (3,24).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of urinary triclosan and methyl-triclosan levels with predictive indicators of cardiovascular disease and obesity in children and adolescents in 2020 (case study: Kerman, Iran)

Nasab

Mirzaee

Ebrahimpour

et al. 2021

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: Exposure of children and adolescents to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) causes the development of non-communicable diseases. Triclosan (TCS) is a fat-soluble antimicrobial agent, and methyl-triclosan (MTCS) is the predominant metabolite of TCS. The increasing use of consumables TCS (toothpaste, mouthwash, personal care products) in human has raised concerns about human health. Methods: The urinary concentrations of TCS and MTCS were measured by GC/MS. Lipid profiles (TG, TC, LDL, and HDL), anthropometric parameters (WC, BMI z-score, and BMI), FBS, SBP, and DBP tests were performed on 79 children and adolescents. Results: Of 79 people included as the study population, 42 subjects (53.16%) were males. Most of the study population as 32 subjects (40.50%) were obese. The mean concentrations of TCS and MTCS in the obese population were 5.47 ± 2.99 and 2.32 ± 1.04 µg/L, respectively. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, the results showed that a one-unit increase in DBP caused a 0.03 units increase in TCS levels in male subjects (P=0.01). A one-unit increase in DBP also caused a 0.02 units increase in MTCS (P=0.001). There was a significant relationship between TCS and HDL (OR=0.90, P=0.005), LDL (OR=1.13, P=0.01), and TG (OR =1.05, P<0.0001). There was also a significant relationship between MTCS and HDL (OR=0.88, P=0.001), LDL (OR=1.03, P=0.009), and TG (OR=1.04, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: According to the results, there is a relationship between TCS, MTCS, and predictive indicators of cardiovascular diseases and obesity.

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Urinary parabens in children from South China: Implications for human exposure and health risks

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China

Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China

Measurement of Urinary Triclocarban and 2,4‐Dichlorophenol Concentration and Their Relationship with Obesity and Predictors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Children and Adolescents in Kerman, Iran

Association of urinary triclosan and methyl-triclosan levels with predictive indicators of cardiovascular disease and obesity in children and adolescents in 2020 (case study: Kerman, Iran)

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