Urinary Excretion of Creatine in the Sheep

Blanch, E; Setchell, B. P.

doi:10.1071/bi9600356

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…analyser using the method of . Since sheep urine contains a significant amount of creatine (Blanch and Setchell, 1960) total creatinine was measured in urine after converting creatine to creatinine by autoclaving 1 ml of urine with 1 ml of lN hydrochloric 0 acid for 20 to 30 minutes at 120 C and 14 lb. pressure.…”

Section: Creatininementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effects of Ovine Growth Hormone in Sheep

Wheatley¹,

Wallace²,

Bassett³

1966

Journal of Endocrinology

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SUMMARY The administration of 5 mg. ovine growth hormone (GH) per day for 4 weeks to adult sheep resulted in the retention of 0·5 g. nitrogen/24 hr. This is less than that reported to occur in man and dog with a similar dose of GH. Both plasma volume and red blood cell volume increased by 20 % during treatment. A small decrease occurred in the amount of sodium excreted, but no change in potassium excretion could be demonstrated. The water intake of the treated group declined during GH injections. Plasma glucose concentrations increased slightly during treatment but there was no alteration in the concentration of plasma free fatty acids or ketone bodies. Body weight did not change measurably with GH treatment. Wool growth decreased during treatment but then increased and remained above control values for at least 20 weeks.

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Section: Creatininementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effects of Ovine Growth Hormone in Sheep

Wheatley¹,

Wallace²,

Bassett³

1966

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…CMS administration to critically ill patients (30). A creatinine clearance (CL CR ) value of 53 ml/min/1.73 m 2 was used for sheep (63,64). Allometric scaling by body weight was applied to either (i) only the central volume of distribution of CMS according to the covariate model in patients (30) or (ii) the nonrenal clearances, distribution clearances, and volumes of distribution of CMS and colistin (as the body weight of the sheep was at the lower range of body weights in patients).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial Targeting Advantage Achieved by Pulmonary Administration of Colistin Methanesulfonate in a Large-Animal Model

Landersdorfer

Nguyen

Lieu

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Colistin, administered as its inactive prodrug colistin methanesulfonate (CMS), is often used in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pulmonary infections. The CMS and colistin pharmacokinetics in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) following intravenous and pulmonary dosing have not been evaluated in a large-animal model with pulmonary architecture similar to that of humans. Six merino sheep (34 to 43 kg body weight) received an intravenous or pulmonary dose of 4 to 8 mg/kg CMS (sodium) or 2 to 3 mg/kg colistin (sulfate) in a 4-way crossover study. Pulmonary dosing was achieved via jet nebulization through an endotracheal tube cuff. CMS and colistin were quantified in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ELF concentrations were calculated via the urea method. CMS and colistin were comodeled in S-ADAPT. Following intravenous CMS or colistin administration, no concentrations were quantifiable in BALF samples. Elimination clearance was 1.97 liters/h (4% interindividual variability) for CMS (other than conversion to colistin) and 1.08 liters/h (25%) for colistin. On average, 18% of a CMS dose was converted to colistin. Following pulmonary delivery, colistin was not quantifiable in plasma and CMS was detected in only one sheep. Average ELF concentrations (standard deviations [SD]) of formed colistin were 400 (243), 384 (187), and 184 (190) mg/liter at 1, 4, and 24 h after pulmonary CMS administration. The population pharmacokinetic model described well CMS and colistin in plasma and ELF following intravenous and pulmonary administration. Pulmonary dosing provided high ELF and low plasma colistin concentrations, representing a substantial targeting advantage over intravenous administration. Predictions from the pharmacokinetic model indicate that sheep are an advantageous model for translational research.

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“…This test is of particular value as it is probably the most reliable test in the living animal at the moment. The interpretation of creatine concentration in urine, which is a useful aid in man, is made difficult in sheep by the fact that the urine of normal sheep of all ages contains high concentrations of creatine, often exceeding that of creatinine (Blanch and Setchell, 1960) and dependent on urine flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%