Urbanization-induced impacts on heat-energy fluxes in tropical South America from 1984 to 2020: The Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil

Miranda, Vitor Fonseca Vieira Vasconcelos de; Peres, Leonardo F.; Lucena, Andrews José de; França, José Ricardo de Almeida; Libonati, Renata

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109008

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Consequently, the latent heat flux decreases and the sensible heat flux may increase, which would heat the NSAT. This aligns with the pronounced effect of urbanization on wet climate regions (de Miranda et al., 2022). For the Sichuan Basin, Xiao et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Spatiotemporal Trends of Extreme Temperature Events Along the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridor From 1981 to 2019 Based on Estimated Near‐Surface Air Temperature

Wang,

Gao,

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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The intensification of global warming leads to the increased frequency of extreme temperature events. Many studies have reported on numerous regions facing extreme hot and cold temperatures to some degree. In this study, the daily maximum, minimum and mean near‐surface air temperatures were estimated to explore the detailed spatial trends of extreme temperature events along the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridor (QTPTC). Sixteen extreme temperature indices were used to represent extreme temperature events, and the Mann‐Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimation method were employed to explore the spatiotemporal trends of extreme temperatures along the QTPTC during 1981–2019. The possible factors that affect the trends of extreme temperature events were also discussed, indicating that: (a) There was an exacerbation of extreme hot events, while the prevalence of extreme cold events weakened along the QTPTC. This was in accordance with the trend of global warming. (b) The trends of extreme temperature indices based on daily minimum temperature were stronger than those based on daily maximum temperature in most areas, except for the eastern region. Furthermore, as altitude increased, the amplitude of warming intensified. (c) Unlike the trend in most areas, the intensified warming trend occurred in the low‐altitude areas in the eastern region where there are more human activities and rapid urbanization, and the daily maximum temperature trend was more severe there. The results can provide references for policymakers to formulate corresponding adaptation strategies, addressing the impacts of extreme temperature events on transportation facilities with significant elevation differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Spatiotemporal Trends of Extreme Temperature Events Along the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridor From 1981 to 2019 Based on Estimated Near‐Surface Air Temperature

Wang,

Gao,

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The alteration of the local climate can be described by warmer temperatures, lower humidity, and ventilation, higher atmospheric pollution, poor environmental quality, or more complex indicators of bioclimatic comfort (Qabbal et al, 2021). In particular, the UHI effect has great potential to amplify warm conditions within urban areas (Peres et al, 2018, Miranda et al, 2022 and consequently heat stress (Di Napoli et al, 2020). Superimposed on the ongoing global warming trend, SA's 21st-century urbanization (both in terms of the built-up area and the number of urban inhabitants (United Nations-World Urbanization Prospects, 2019) explains the progressive rise in the number of hours/year with heat and strong heat stress anomalies over the last 4 decades, in particular over the last two decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress in South America over the last four decades: a bioclimatic analysis

Miranda

Santos

Peres

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The observed continuous rise in the frequency of extreme heat events in South America (SA) poses a serious challenge for public health. However, there is a lack on the understanding of the large-scale and long-term variability and trends of thermal stress in this continent. Accordingly, here we developed the first comprehensive bioclimatology of thermal stress over SA during the past four decades. Consecutive heat stress hours were analyzed using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) from ERA5-HEAT reanalysis according to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification and also focusing on the 31 most populated cities of SA. Results show an inland/coastline contrast and a marked latitudinal northward increase in the number of hours under heat stress. Heat stress hotspots are located mostly around the Amazon, northern and central parts of SA with 26–35% of the hours between 1979 and 2020 under strong heat stress. The annual number of hours within heat stress increased significantly between 1979 and 2020, varying from + 1.16 hour/year to + 8.25 hour/year depending on the Köppen–Geiger class. The past 20 years (2000 forward) presented not only more consecutive hours under heat stress than the previous two decades in all the analyzed cities, but also a higher persistence of such extremes. The bioclimatology of thermal stress developed here may provide important guidelines to decision-makers for exploring adaptation strategies to increase societal resilience.

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“…Moreover, a previous study conducted in six of the largest Brazilian cities (Manaus, Recife, Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Porto Alegre) partially linked the increase in the HW frequency to the urbanization effect [71]. The urban heat island effect has great potential to amplify warm conditions and HWs within urban areas [74], and its occurrence has been reported in several Brazilian cities [75][76][77][78][79]. In particular, pervasive spatial and population growth has been noticed in all MRs analyzed here [80].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 93%

Twenty-first-century demographic and social inequalities of heat-related deaths in Brazilian urban areas

Monteiro dos Santos,

Libonati,

Garcia

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Population exposure to heat waves (HWs) is increasing worldwide due to climate change, significantly affecting society, including public health. Despite its significant vulnerabilities and limited adaptation resources to rising temperatures, South America, particularly Brazil, lacks research on the health impacts of temperature extremes, especially on the role played by socioeconomic factors in the risk of heat-related illness. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the effects of HWs on mortality rates in the 14 most populous urban areas, comprising approximately 35% of the country’s population. Excess mortality during HWs was estimated through the observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) for total deaths during the events identified. Moreover, the interplay of intersectionality and vulnerability to heat considering demographics and socioeconomic heterogeneities, using gender, age, race, and educational level as proxies, as well as the leading causes of heat-related excess death, were assessed. A significant increase in the frequency was observed from the 1970s (0–3 HWs year-1) to the 2010s (3–11 HWs year-1), with higher tendencies in the northern, northeastern, and central-western regions. Over the 2000–2018 period, 48,075 (40,448–55,279) excessive deaths were attributed to the growing number of HWs (>20 times the number of landslides-related deaths for the same period). Nevertheless, our event-based surveillance analysis did not detect the HW-mortality nexus, reinforcing that extreme heat events are a neglected disaster in Brazil. Among the leading causes of death, diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems and neoplasms were the most frequent. Critical regional differences were observed, which can be linked to the sharp North-South inequalities in terms of socioeconomic and health indicators, such as life expectancy. Higher heat-related excess mortality was observed for low-educational level people, blacks and browns, older adults, and females. Such findings highlight that the strengthening of primary health care combined with reducing socioeconomic, racial, and gender inequalities represents a crucial step to reducing heat-related deaths.

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Urbanization-induced impacts on heat-energy fluxes in tropical South America from 1984 to 2020: The Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Spatiotemporal Trends of Extreme Temperature Events Along the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridor From 1981 to 2019 Based on Estimated Near‐Surface Air Temperature

Spatiotemporal Trends of Extreme Temperature Events Along the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridor From 1981 to 2019 Based on Estimated Near‐Surface Air Temperature

Heat stress in South America over the last four decades: a bioclimatic analysis

Twenty-first-century demographic and social inequalities of heat-related deaths in Brazilian urban areas

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