Urban–rural continuum: an overview of their interactions and territorial disparities

Abstract

This study provides a quantitative analisis of the interactions between urban and rural areas and related territorial disparities in the European Union (EU). Relevant societal themes such as population changes, access to services, broadband internet connectivity, house prices, tourism and land‐use/cover flows are examined by mean of indicators computed with the most recent data at the highest spatial resolution. The degree of urbanization (cities, towns and suburbs, rural areas) is used to identify territorial differences and to compare EU regions. Results show that rural and remote areas are lagging in terms of relevant territorial assets compared with more urbanized typologies, with strong variations from region to region depending on the analysed theme. The study provides quantitative and graphical information by applying a descriptive statistical analysis of the indicators and a spatial multicriteria assessment to help with decision‐making processes. It concludes by summarizing the most important outcomes with a set of policy recommendations.

Modeling the development of agricultural production by cluster analysis

“…A comprehensive sustainable territorial development is needed, taking into account future technological changes (innovations, digitalization, transport systems, housing, migrants, etc.) [1]. In our study, we also came to the conclusion that, in particular, for the regions of cluster 1, it is necessary to develop transport infrastructure in order to develop agricultural production and increase its profitability, as well as sustainable development of rural areas, improve the level and quality of life of the rural population, potential tourism development.…”

“…We are also talking about the need to develop a system of cooperation. C. Castillo and others note that the development of spatial planning, taking into account the biophysical, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the regions, can help realize the potential of rural areas [1]. We also believe that a multi-level system of regional management is needed, which makes it possible to involve local, regional and national authorities in the creation of effective systems for monitoring and evaluating the development of territories, to support the development of a coordinated strategy and longterm planning beyond the borders of territories [1].…”

“…Scientists in their research touch upon various aspects of the current stage of functioning and development of agricultural production. C. Castillo and others note that urbanization, demographic changes, the transition to digital and energy technologies, climate change and increased inequality affect the development of the territory and agricultural production [1,2]. Scientists widely touch upon the issues of digitalization of the industry.…”

A geographical analysis of social enterprises: the case of Ireland

“…These functional classifications are usually interlinked with the abovementioned rural–urban classifications based on population density creating increasingly nuanced typologies through the multiple criteria that reflects the complexity of relationships between urban and rural areas (Perpiñá Castillo et al , 2022). In this line, the Central Statistics Office of Ireland (CSO) developed in 2019 a six-tier rural–urban typology (CSO, 2019).…”

The digital divide and the growth of the hospitality industry: The case of Italian inner areas

“…The EU 2020 Strategy has highlighted how the so‐called smart growth—an economy based on knowledge and innovation—represents a paramount objective for development (European Commission, 2010). Although broadband infrastructure deployment and the consequent shrinkage of the digital divide between urban and peripheral areas do not represent the only enhancement driver in this regard, they still represent a precondition and a fundamental factor for development (Perpiña Castillo et al, 2021). Nevertheless, operators have encountered difficulties in justifying investments in broadband internet connection in peripheral areas.…”