Uptake rates of alkylphenols, PAHs and carbazoles in semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS)

Passive sampling of selected pesticides in aquatic environment using polar organic chemical integrative samplers

“…Diazinon, one of the most hydrophobic compounds studied, showed a lag phase of 2-3 days. The above effect, however, could not be significant for a typical 21 or 28 days' exposure (Harman et al 2008;Alvarez et al 2007); otherwise, for shorter deployment times (<7 days), the membrane should be co-extracted. Taking into account that for chlorpyrifos methyl and chlorpyrifos the lag time is significant while for DEA the calibration curves tend to in equilibrium, an optimal duration of 21 days could be proposed for POCIS exposure.…”

“…The lag time is attributed to the time it takes for the compound to initially pass through the diffusive barriers (water boundary layer, water in membrane pores and the membrane) (Shaw et al 2009). Lag uptake for the more hydrophobic compounds may be due to sorption to the membrane surfaces dominating in the early stages, which may suggest biphasic uptake, or to mass transfer through the polymeric matrix (Harman et al 2008;Kingston 2000). Vermeirssen et al (2009) also observed that the lag phase over PES membrane in Chemcatcher sampler with SDB-RPS as receiving phase increases with increasing hydrophobicity of the compounds studied (pesticides and pharmaceuticals).…”

Passive Sampling Technologies

“…In comparison with many of the samplers for nonpolar pollutants, these have relatively small sampling surface areas and associated lower sampling rates (less than a litre per day, and typically in the tens to hundreds of millilitres per day) (MacLeod et al ., 2007;Mazella et al ., 2007;Harman et al ., 2008;Wong and MacLeod, 2010). The variants of these samplers with diffusion-limiting membranes tend to remain integrative over periods of up to 30 days (Kingston et al ., 2000;Alvarez et al ., 2004a).…”

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons a Constituent of Petroleum: Presence and Influence in the Aquatic Environment

“…Passive sampling devices, such as semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) also provide a useful contribution to the monitoring of PAH contaminants in the aquatic environment [99][100][101]. The principle of the passive sampling technique is the placement of a device in the environment for a fixed period of time, where it is left unattended to accumulate contaminants by diffusive and/or sorptive processes.…”