Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Ureteroscopic Biopsy and Specimen Preparation

Development of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Unilateral Hematuria: 35 Years Experience

“…Fundamentally, endoscopic techniques for CUH were similar to the techniques for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer. 25 After examining the lower urinary tract, the upper urinary tract should be examined directly without any iatrogenic injury, so-called ''no touch techniques.'' A 6.9F semi-rigid ureteroscope is inserted into the bladder and introduced into the ureteral orifice under direct vision.…”