Upper‐body kinematics in team‐handball throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike

Abstract

Overarm movements are essential skills in many different sport games; however, the adaptations to different sports are not well understood. The aim of the study was to analyze upper-body kinematics in the team-handball throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike, and to calculate differences in the proximal-to-distal sequencing and joint movements. Three-dimensional kinematic data were analyzed via the Vicon motion capturing system. The subjects (elite players) were instructed to perform a team-handball jump throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike with a maximal ball velocity and to hit a specific target. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three overarm movements were found in 17 of 24 variables. The order of the proximal-to-distal sequencing was equal in the three analyzed overarm movements. Equal order of the proximal-to-distal sequencing and similar angles in the acceleration phase suggest there is a general motor pattern in overarm movements. However, overarm movements appear to be modifiable in situations such as for throwing or hitting a ball with or without a racket, and due to differences at takeoff (with one or two legs).

Coexistence of Trunk or Lower Extremity Pain with Elbow and/or Shoulder Pain among Young Overhead Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Our study showed that the associations between pain in the trunk (including back and hip) and that in the elbow and shoulder have a much stronger connection than that in the lower extremities (including the knee and foot). The trunk are assumed to have important roles in generating power during overhead motion (e.g., throwing a ball, serving a ball with and without racket, and spiking), with rotation of the trunk, and tilting the spine regardless of ground contact (Young et al 1998;Elliott 2006;Fortenbaugh et al 2009;Wagner et al 2014). Some biomechanical studies have demonstrated that the physical load on the trunk is higher than that on other body parts (Happee and Van der Helm 1995;Kibler 1995).…”

Amplitude De Movimento De Ombro Em Atletas De Handebol

“…5 Estudos prévios em arremessadores [6][7][8] demonstraram que o movimento do arremesso com abdução e rotação lateral (RL) máxima pode determinar alterações na amplitude de movimento (ADM) do ombro que são consideradas adaptativas da prática esportiva. [9][10][11] Esses estudos apresentam um aumento da ADM de RL em conjunto com uma perda da rotação medial (RM) do ombro dominante quando comparado ao não-dominante [12][13][14][15] em esportes como beisebol 16,12 , tênis [17][18][19] , pólo aquático 20 e natação 7,21,22. Essa perda de RM do membro dominante comparado ao não dominante é denominada GIRD (Glenoumeral internal rotation deficit) e considerada uma alteração que apresenta implicação clínica funcional a partir de 20° de déficit.…”

An Initial Study on the Coordination of Rod and Line Hauling Movements in Distance Fly Casting

“…Common to these sports is that the trunk and arm movement is performed principally in proximal to distal segmental sequencing, i.e., the initiation of movement or maximum rotational speed occurring first at the trunk, thereafter the shoulder, the elbow and finally the wrist (6,(8)(9)(10). Some variations to this proximal to distal sequencing have been reported, especially regarding the speed of the internal rotation of the shoulder, which in some situations peaks after elbow extension (4,6,8,10,12). One previous study has investigated the coordination of arm movement during fly casting (13).…”

“…Theoretically, optimal coordination would be to achieve maximum line haul speed simultaneously with the time point of maximum speed of the rod tip, which occurs at the end of the unbending of the rod (3). The coordination of the arm movement has been investigated in several different overhead casting and racquet sports, including baseball (4-6), American football (7), javelin (8,9), team handball, volleyball and tennis (10,11). Common to these sports is that the trunk and arm movement is performed principally in proximal to distal segmental sequencing, i.e., the initiation of movement or maximum rotational speed occurring first at the trunk, thereafter the shoulder, the elbow and finally the wrist (6,(8)(9)(10).…”

“…The coordination of the arm movement has been investigated in several different overhead casting and racquet sports, including baseball (4-6), American football (7), javelin (8,9), team handball, volleyball and tennis (10,11). Common to these sports is that the trunk and arm movement is performed principally in proximal to distal segmental sequencing, i.e., the initiation of movement or maximum rotational speed occurring first at the trunk, thereafter the shoulder, the elbow and finally the wrist (6,(8)(9)(10). Some variations to this proximal to distal sequencing have been reported, especially regarding the speed of the internal rotation of the shoulder, which in some situations peaks after elbow extension (4,6,8,10,12).…”