Updates on chemistry and use of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)

Abstract

<p>Food color is the first attribute evaluated by the consumer. Therefore, the food industry is concerned about the use of colorants in food materials to make them more attractive. Between the colorants used by the food industry, annatto is a raw material that allows the obtaining a large amount of natural pigments. The annatto dye is extracted from the outer layer of <em>Bixa orellana</em> L. seeds by immersion in alkaline solution, vegetable oil or organic solvents. In addition to the commercial preparations, a large amount of brazilian annatto seeds is used to prepare “colorífico”, a spice obtained from the mixture of pigment or grinded seeds with corn flour, vegetable oil and salt. Besides the bixin carotenoid, the seeds presents other components such as geranylgeraniol, with important pharmacological properties. The annatto seeds variability are influenced by conditions of post-harvest processing and the different cultivars used in industry. After the annatto processing, about 96% of waste are generated, which after dried and milled remain appropriate for reuse. During de pigment analysis in foodstuffs, the preparation techniques, the compounds separation and quantification requires, the use of standards with high purity and stability.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.144</p>

From Extraction to Stabilization: Employing a 22 Experimental Design in Developing Nutraceutical-Grade Bixin from Bixa orellana L.

“…Variations in these factors also end up interfering with the yield of pigment production. The content of these compounds present in annatto seeds varies according to the variety of the crop, soil, climate, and cultural practices, and seeds with less than 1% and others with up to 6% of bixin can be found [ 32 ]. According to Carvalho et al (2010) [ 33 ], the extraction techniques mostly aim to produce an intense red powder in which bixin, which is most responsible for the color, is in low concentration.…”

Morfologia fenotípica de Bixa arborea e Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) em Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil

“…A espécie Bixa orellana é muito utilizada pela população tradicional como fonte de pigmento vermelho (Alonso, 2004). Esse pigmento é empregado na ornamentação do corpo pelos povos nativos da América e também comercialmente como fonte de corantes naturais utilizados pelas indústrias alimentícias, cosméticas e têxteis (Garcia et al, 2012;Mantovani et al, 2013;Demczuk & Ribani, 2015;Rivera-Madrid et al, 2016;Sales et al, 2020;Izidoro et al, 2021). Além disso, B. arborea e B. orellana são empregadas na ornamentação, na restauração florestal, preparo de fitoterápico tradicional e na indústria farmacêutica (Lorenzi & Matos, 2008;Pillai et al, 2018).…”

Stability of microencapsulated spray drying carotenoids depending on the composition of the encapsulating matrix

“…[3][4][5] Urucum seeds has two colorants, the bixin (red), oil-soluble, representing more than 80% of the total carotenoids, and the norbixin (yellow), water-soluble. 4,6 Microencapsulation is defined as the process by which the encapsulating material covers small particles of a target compound (active material), which is integrated into a homogeneous or heterogeneous matrix that creates a physical barrier between the active material and the environment. [7][8][9] Spray drying is an unitary operation that aims to transform a fluid-state raw material to dry particles.…”