Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from 44 fruit were evaluated. The data were statistically evaluated by analysis of common components and specific weights (CCSWA). Panã, acerola, açaí, and jabuticaba showed higher values of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) and antioxidant activity. The analysis of CCSWA was able to explain almost 100% of the variance of the data and established the correlation between TPC and antioxidant capacity, being the most influential variables in the classification of samples. This statistical method is ideal for quickly analyzing a large amount of data, as obtained in this research, which facilitates routines of industrial analysis.
Modified pectin is a polysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid altered by pH adjustment and thermal treatment used especially as an anti-cancer agent. The aim of this work was to study the physical and chemical properties of modified pectins extracted from orange pomace with citric and nitric acids. The galacturonic acid content, degree of esterification, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy profile, molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity, rheological properties and antioxidant activity of the pectins were evaluated. The modification process caused the de-esterification of pectins and a decrease of molecular weight due to removal of neutral sugars, maintaining the linear chain of galacturonic acid. Such changes also caused a significant increase in the in vitro antioxidant activity (p≤0.05) and influenced the rheological properties of pectin, reducing its viscosity. This work showed that the modification of pectin from orange pomace with citric and nitric acids altered its structural and physical characteristics as well as its biological activity toward a free-radical.
In this work, it was used starch obtained from green banana (Musa cavendishii) and commercial corn (Zea mays) starch in order to compare the granule morphology and the rheological behavior of these gel-starches. Images of starch granules morphology were obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM). The banana starch granules presented an oval and ellipsoidal shape with irregular diameters. Neverthless, the granules of corn starch showed a poliedric shape, with different sizes. The rheological behavior of gel starch solutions showed a non-newtonian character with a pseudoplastic behavior. Herschel-Bulkley model gave a good description on the rheological behavior of the gel starch. Banana gel-starch solutions showed higher values of shear stress and apparent viscosity when compared with corn gel-starch solutions. A progressive decrease in shear stress and viscosity occurred with the addition of sodium chloride and sucrose.Index terms: Starch, green banana, corn, microscopy, rheology. RESUMONo presente trabalho foi utilizado amido obtido de banana verde (Musa cavendishii) e amido de milho (Zea mays) comercial, com o objetivo de comparar a morfologia dos grânulos e o comportamento reológico dos géis. As imagens da morfologia dos grânulos foram obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os grânulos de amido da banana apresentaram forma oval e elipsoidal com diâmetros irregulares, todavia, os grânulos do amido de milho mostraram forma poliédrica e diferentes tamanhos. As análises reológicas dos géis das soluções de amido mostraram caráter não-newtoniano, pseudoplástico. O modelo de Herschel-Bulkley foi o que melhor representou comportamento reológico dos géis. O gel de amido de banana verde obteve maiores valores de tensão de cisalhamento e viscosidade aparente quando comparada ao gel de amido de milho. Ocorreu um decréscimo progressivo na tensão de cisalhamento e na viscosidade com a adição de cloreto de sódio e sacarose aos géis.Termos para indexação: Amido, banana verde, milho, microscopia, reologia.
A quantidade de resíduos gerados durante o beneficiamento do café no Brasil (principalmente casca) representa aproximadamente 50% da produção. Visando diminuir este problema, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter diferentes extratos das cascas de café, avaliar sua composição e atividade antimicrobiana. Utilizando extrações por Soxhlet, com solventes de diferentes polaridades e seletividades e analisando estes extratos por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas e Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier, foi possível observar que os extratos diferiam em composição química e que apenas clorofórmio e diclorometano foram capazes de extrair a cafeína, devido a seletividades destes solventes. Os componentes hidrofílicos foram extraídos utilizando diferentes proporções de etanol e água, a temperatura ambiente e a 40 °C. A cafeína presente nestes extratos foi quantificada por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. A mudança na composição do solvente e temperatura não alteraram a composição química dos extratos, porém alteraram a quantidade de cafeína extraída. Nenhum dos extratos testados demonstrou atividade contra os microrganismos Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) e Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579). Pode-se concluir que as cascas de café apresentam grande potencial para a extração de cafeína, agregando valor a este resíduo vegetal e contribuindo para o aproveitamento dos resíduos produzidos no beneficiamento do café, o que diminuiria o impacto ambiental gerado pelo descarte destes.
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