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A B S T R A C TLutein is a bioactive found in dark leafy vegetables that may be used as a nutraceutical agent in foodstuff and an inhibitor of key enzymes of the human body such as those involved in the cholinergic system. However, its high hydrophobicity leads to low bioavailability and must be overcome if lutein is to be added in foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nanoencapsulated lutein in the activity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The in vitro study was carried out using water in order to evaluate the impact of encapsulation on the hydrophilicity of lutein. In vitro assays showed that lutein, both free and nanoencapsulated, presented a mixedtype inhibition behavior, and encapsulated lutein was able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity even in an aqueous medium. Inhibition was also showed by the in silico docking results which show that lutein interacted with the pocket region of the enzyme. that the damage to the cholinergic system is closely related to brain dysfunctions such as affective disorders, depression, schizophrenia and https://doi.

A quantidade de resíduos gerados durante o beneficiamento do café no Brasil (principalmente casca) representa aproximadamente 50% da produção. Visando diminuir este problema, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter diferentes extratos das cascas de café, avaliar sua composição e atividade antimicrobiana. Utilizando extrações por Soxhlet, com solventes de diferentes polaridades e seletividades e analisando estes extratos por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas e Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier, foi possível observar que os extratos diferiam em composição química e que apenas clorofórmio e diclorometano foram capazes de extrair a cafeína, devido a seletividades destes solventes. Os componentes hidrofílicos foram extraídos utilizando diferentes proporções de etanol e água, a temperatura ambiente e a 40 °C. A cafeína presente nestes extratos foi quantificada por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. A mudança na composição do solvente e temperatura não alteraram a composição química dos extratos, porém alteraram a quantidade de cafeína extraída. Nenhum dos extratos testados demonstrou atividade contra os microrganismos Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) e Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579). Pode-se concluir que as cascas de café apresentam grande potencial para a extração de cafeína, agregando valor a este resíduo vegetal e contribuindo para o aproveitamento dos resíduos produzidos no beneficiamento do café, o que diminuiria o impacto ambiental gerado pelo descarte destes.

Whey protein isolate (WPI) can be used effectively to produce food-grade particles for stabilizing Pickering emulsions. In the present study, crosslinking of WPI microgels using organic acids (tannic and citric acids) is proposed to improve their functionality in emulsions containing roasted coffee oil. It was demonstrated that crosslinking of WPI by organic acids reduces the microgels’ size from ≈1850 nm to 185 nm and increases their contact angle compared to conventional WPI microgels, achieving values as high as 60°. This led to the higher physical stability of Pickering emulsions: the higher contact angle and smaller particle size of acid-crosslinked microgels contribute to the formation of a thinner layer of particles on the oil/water (O/W) interface that is located mostly in the water phase, thus forming an effective barrier against droplet coalescence. Particularly, emulsions stabilized by tannic acid-crosslinked WPI microgels presented neither creaming nor sedimentation up to 7 days of storage. The present work demonstrates that the functionality of these crosslinked WPI microgels can be tweaked considerably, which is an asset compared to other food-grade particles that mostly need to be used as such to comply with the clean-label policy. In addition, the applications of these particles for an emulsion are much more diverse as of the starting material.

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