Update on thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy with a special emphasis on the ocular surface

Novaes, Priscila; Grisolia, Ana Beatriz Diniz; Smith, Terry J.

doi:10.1186/s40842-016-0037-5

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Orbital inflammation progresses by the infiltration of mononuclear cells, such as B-lymphocytes, macrophages, and especially T-lymphocytes, into the orbital tissue in GO [ 30 , 31 ]. Furthermore, as previously reported [ 32 ], GO fibroblast was more inflammatory by nature and were sensitive to stimulation. Herein, compared to non-GO cells, GO fibroblasts displayed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon IL-1β stimulation and even in naïve conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a therapeutic target for Graves’ orbitopathy in an in vitro model

Byeon

Kim

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is characterised in early stages by orbital fibroblast inflammation, which can be aggravated by oxidative stress and often leads to fibrosis. Protein tyrosine protein 1B (PTP1B) is a regulator of inflammation and a therapeutic target in diabetes. We investigated the role of PTP1B in the GO mechanism using orbital fibroblasts from GO and healthy non-GO subjects. After 24 hours of transfection with PTPN1 siRNA, the fibroblasts were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β, cigarette smoke extract (CSE), H 2 O 2 , and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β stimulations. Inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-related proteins were analysed using western blotting and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) release was detected using an oxidant-sensitive fluorescent probe. IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, bovine thyroid stimulating hormone (bTSH), high-affinity human stimulatory monoclonal antibody of TSH receptor (M22), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) significantly increased PTP1B protein production in GO and non-GO fibroblasts. PTPN1 silencing significantly blocked IL-1β-induced inflammatory cytokine production, CSE- and H 2 O 2 -induced ROS synthesis, and TGF-β-induced expression of collagen Iα, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and fibronectin in GO fibroblasts. Silencing PTPN1 also decreased phosphorylation levels of Akt, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress response proteins in GO cells. PTP1B may be a potential therapeutic target of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-fibrotic treatment of GO.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a therapeutic target for Graves’ orbitopathy in an in vitro model

Byeon

Kim

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Eckstein et al [13] reported that high TSHR autoantibody activity in patients with active GO might impair the lacrimal gland, which could physiologically express TSHR. Notably, we found no signi cant differences in LLT among the active GO group, inactive GO group, and controls; this nding was parallel with the results of Park et al [44], but abhorrent to the results of Wang et al [4] As suggested by Park et al, we also consider that the number of blinks must be compared to investigate LLT in the active and inactive GO groups. Otherwise, it was not convincing to explain why a thicker LLT but higher MGD in eyes with active GO, solely on the basis of lagophthalmos-mediated forceful blinking.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an in ammatory autoimmune disorder, that is associated with a combination of environmental, genetic, and immunological factors [1][2][3]. Ocular surface impairment is common in patients with GO, including conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis, dry eye, super cial punctate keratopathy, exposure keratopathy, and corneal ulcer [4][5][6]. Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common cause of ocular discomfort found in patients with GO [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo confocal microscopy assessment of meibomian glands microstructure in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: To evaluate microstructural changes in the meibomian glands (MGs) in patients with active and inactive Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and to investigate the correlations between clinical and confocal findings.Methods: Forty patients (80 eyes) with GO (34 eyes with active GO, 46 eyes with inactive GO), and 31 age- and sex-matched control participants (62 eyes) were enrolled consecutively. Each participant completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent a full eye examination, including assessments of clinical activity score (CAS), proptosis, palpebral fissure height (PFH), lagophthalmos, lipid layer thickness (LLT), partial blinking rate, noninvasive first breakup time (NIF-BUT), average breakup time (NIAvg-BUT), tear film breakup area (TBUA), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I Test (SIT), meibum quality and MG expressibility. IVCM of the MGs was performed to determine the MG acinar density (MAD), MG longest and shortest diameters (MALD and MASD), MG orifice area (MOA), MG acinar irregularity (MAI), meibum secretion reflectivity (MSR), acinar wall inhomogeneity (AWI), acinar periglandular interstices inhomogeneity (API), and severity of MG fibrosis (MF).Results: All parameters demonstrated statistically significant differences among groups (all P＜0.05), except OSDI, LLT and NIAvg-BUT (P＞0.05). Compared to controls, GO groups showed lower MOA and MAD; greater MALD and MASD; and higher degrees of MAI, MSR, AWI, API, and MF (all P＜0.05). Eyes with active GO had higher degrees of MAI, AWI, and API, while eyes with inactive GO had higher degrees of MSR and MF (all P＜0.05). In GO groups, the two measured confocal signs of inflammation (AWI and API) were significantly correlated with CAS, proptosis, PFH, lagophthalmos, OSDI, NIF-BUT, CFS, SIT, meibum quality, and MG expressibility (all P＜0.05). MF was significantly correlated with CAS, OSDI, meibum quality, and MG expressibility (all P＜0.05). Conclusions: IVCM effectively revealed microstructural changes of MGs in eyes with GO and provided strong in vivo evidence for the roles of obstruction and inflammation in the ocular surface disease process. Furthermore, it revealed discernible patterns of MG abnormalities in eyes with active GO and inactive GO, which are not easily distinguishable by typical clinical examinations.

show abstract

“…Thyroid-gland patients have increased width of the palpebral fissure and several eyelid alterations, which leads to tear-film instability, corneal exposure, increased TER, and tear osmolarity 28–31. Several studies have concluded that normal TER is 19–21 g/m 2 ⋅h 32–35.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of tear-evaporation rate in thyroid-gland patients

Abusharaha¹,

Alturki²,

Alanazi³

et al. 2019

OPTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo assess the tear-evaporation rate in thyroid-gland patients using a VapoMeter.MethodsTwenty thyroid gland patients aged 18–43 years (mean 34.3±6.3 years) completed the study. Additionally, an age-matched control group of 20 patients aged 18–43 years (32.2±5.1 years) was enrolled in the study for comparison purposes. An Ocular Surface Disease Index dry-eye questionnaire was completed, followed by a test to determine the tear-evaporation rate using the VapoMeter. The test was performed three times per subject by the same examiner. Two readings were obtained each time.ResultsSignificant differences (P<0.05) were found between mean Ocular Surface Disease Index and tear-evaporation-rate scores within the study and control groups. The average tear-evaporation rate was much higher in the study group (median 41.2 [IQR 41.4] g/m2⋅h) than the control group (15.7 [13.7] g/m2⋅h). Moreover, the average Ocular Surface Disease Index score for thyroid-gland patients was much higher (15.6 [23.4]) compared to the control group (5.5 [7.50]).ConclusionThe tear-evaporation rate in thyroid-gland patients was found to be much higher than normal-eye subjects.

show abstract

Update on thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy with a special emphasis on the ocular surface

Cited by 24 publications

References 90 publications

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a therapeutic target for Graves’ orbitopathy in an in vitro model

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a therapeutic target for Graves’ orbitopathy in an in vitro model

In vivo confocal microscopy assessment of meibomian glands microstructure in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy

Assessment of tear-evaporation rate in thyroid-gland patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About