Update on new approaches in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem. It is currently the third cause of cancer-related death, it is highly prevalent in the Asia–Pacific region and Africa, and is increasing in Western countries. The natural history of HCC is very heterogeneous and prediction of survival in individual patients is not satisfactory because of the wide spectrum of the disease. During the past decade, major advances have been achieved in prevention, through better surveillance of patients at risk, and in therapy through better surgical and ablative therapies and multimodal treatment approaches. Moreover, the increasing knowledge of molecular hepatocarcinogenesis provides the opportunity for targeted therapies. In this setting, the impact of sorafenib on advanced-stage HCC is a landmark finding in the treatment of liver cancer. The role of sorafenib administration as adjuvant therapy after curative treatment is being evaluated in clinical studies. Future research should lead to a molecular classification of the disease and a more personalized treatment approach.

HBV X gene point mutations are associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The inclusion criteria included: i) Study design for the prevalence of case-control; ii) the diagnoses of chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and HCC were according to the guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (14); iii) all HBsAg-positive patients were infected with HBV >2 years and the HBV DNA level was in accordance with the test standard; and iv) the reported outcomes of patients was HCC.…”

Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Essentially Asymptomatic Young Woman

“…3,4 HCC affects men more than women and is most common after 50 years of age, although children with biliary atresia, cholestasis, and glycogen storage disease have been shown to be at a higher risk for developing HCC. [4][5][6] Typical signs and symptoms of HCC include abdominal pain, bloating (secondary to ascites), anorexia, weight loss, jaundice, nausea, emesis, and fatigue. 2 The overall 5-year survival rate is approximately 15%, 7 ranging from less than 5% when distant metastases are present to nearly 30% when disease is localized to the liver (Table 1).…”

“…Treatment options for HCC vary and are usually dependent on tumor size, infiltrative pattern, and vascularity, as well as any evidence of metastasis. 2,6,7 539392J DMXXX10.…”

miR‐144‐3p represses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by affecting cell aerobic glycolysis via FOXK1

“…Conventional treatments of HCC include partial surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and liver transplantation. Due to complications occurred during treatment, 5‐year survival rate of HCC patients is extremely low 3,4 . Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of HCC is particularly fundamental to the development of more effective treatment options.…”