Universal decontamination of hospital surfaces in an occupied inpatient room with a continuous 405 nm light source

Bache, Sarah E.; Maclean, Michelle; Gettinby, G.; Anderson, John G.; MacGregor, S.J.; Taggart, Ian

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2017.07.010

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The results of these previous clinical environmental decontamination studies are based on decreases in the levels of surface bioburden, with up till now, only circumstantial evidence suggesting its efficacy for air decontamination. The results of the present study now provide the first fundamental evidence of this 21 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Efficacy of antimicrobial 405 nm blue-light for inactivation of airborne bacteria

Dougall

Anderson

Timoshkin

et al. 2018

Light-Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Efficacy of antimicrobial 405 nm blue-light for inactivation of airborne bacteria

Dougall

Anderson

Timoshkin

et al. 2018

Light-Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

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“…Additional methods evaluated extensively by the infection control community, like the process of daily cleaning, are two "no-touch" technologies: hydrogen peroxide vapor deposition (HPV) within patient care settings (42) and UV C (100 nm to 280 nm spectrum energy)-based systems (43,44). Both methods have been shown to be effective in reducing burden within the built environment (35,36,42,(45)(46)(47), but each is limited as an intervention by being a discontinuous antimicrobial technology, with each adding significantly to the cost of terminal cleaning and disinfection of patient rooms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Disinfecting Copper Beds Sustain Terminal Cleaning and Disinfection Effects throughout Patient Care

Schmidt

Attaway

Fairey

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbial burden associated with near-patient touch surfaces results in a greater risk of health care-associated infections (HAIs). Acute care beds may be a critical fomite, as traditional plastic surfaces harbor the highest concentrations of bacteria associated with high-touch surfaces in a hospital room’s patient zone. Five high-touch intensive care unit (ICU) bed surfaces encountered by patients, health care workers, and visitors were monitored by routine culture to assess the effect U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)-registered antimicrobial copper materials have on the microbial burden. Despite both daily and discharge cleaning and disinfection, each control bed’s plastic surfaces exceeded bacterial concentrations recommended subsequent to terminal cleaning and disinfection (TC&D) of 2.5 aerobic CFU/cm2. Beds with self-disinfecting (copper) surfaces harbored significantly fewer bacteria throughout the patient stay than control beds, at levels below those considered to increase the likelihood of HAIs. With adherence to routine daily and terminal cleaning regimes throughout the study, the copper alloy surfaces neither tarnished nor required additional cleaning or special maintenance. Beds encapsulated with U.S. EPA-registered antimicrobial copper materials were found to sustain the microbial burden below the TC&D risk threshold levels throughout the patient stay, suggesting that outfitting acute care beds with such materials may be an important supplement to controlling the concentration of infectious agents and thereby potentially reducing the overall HAI risk. IMPORTANCE Despite cleaning efforts of environmental service teams and substantial compliance with hand hygiene best practices, the microbial burden in patient care settings often exceeds concentrations at which transfer to patients represents a substantial acquisition risk for health care-associated infections (HAIs). Approaches to limit HAI risk have relied on designing health care equipment and furnishings that are easier to clean and/or the use of no-touch disinfection interventions such as germicidal UV irradiation or vapor deposition of hydrogen peroxide. In a clinical trial evaluating the largest fomite in the patient care setting, the bed, a bed was encapsulated with continuously disinfecting antimicrobial copper surfaces, which reduced the bacteria on surfaces by 94% and sustained the microbial burden below the terminal cleaning and disinfection risk threshold throughout the patient’s stay. Such an intervention, which continuously limits microbes on high-touch surfaces, should be studied in a broader range of health care settings to determine its potential long-range efficacy for reducing HAI.

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“…As the systematized review only focussed on laboratory inactivation studies, future reviews could compare the use of violetblue light for: wound decontamination (30,70), dental hygiene (98,99), acne treatments (100,101), prevention of food spoilage and disinfection of food (102)(103)(104) and environmental decontamination purposes (105)(106)(107)(108). It is also likely that research papers will become more transparent in the future as research councils require data to be deposited in accessible online databases, such as the UK Data Archive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Comparative Susceptibility of Microbial Species to Photoinactivation Using 380–480 nm Violet‐Blue Light

Tomb

White

Coia

et al. 2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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Antimicrobial violet-blue light is an emerging technology designed for enhanced clinical decontamination and treatment applications, due to its safety, efficacy and ease of use. This systematized review was designed to compile the current knowledge on the antimicrobial efficacy of 380-480 nm light on a range of health care and food-related pathogens including vegetative bacteria, bacterial endospores, fungi and viruses. Data were compiled from 79 studies, with the majority focussing on wavelengths in the region of 405 nm. Analysis indicated that Gram-positive and Gram-negative vegetative bacteria are the most susceptible organisms, while bacterial endospores, viruses and bacteriophage are the least. Evaluation of the dose required for a 1 log 10 reduction of key bacteria compared to population, irradiance and wavelength indicated that microbial titer and light intensity had little effect on the dose of 405 nm light required; however, linear analysis indicated organisms exposed to longer wavelengths of violet-blue light may require greater doses for inactivation. Additional research is required to ensure this technology can be used effectively, including: investigating inactivation of multidrug-resistant organisms, fungi, viruses and protozoa; further knowledge about the photodynamic inactivation mechanism of action; the potential for microbial resistance; and the establishment of a standardized exposure methodology.

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Universal decontamination of hospital surfaces in an occupied inpatient room with a continuous 405 nm light source

Abstract: Prolonged exposure to the HINS-light EDS causes a cumulative decontamination of the surfaces within a burns unit. The importance of exposure time and possible airborne effect over irradiance levels is emphasized.

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Efficacy of antimicrobial 405 nm blue-light for inactivation of airborne bacteria

Efficacy of antimicrobial 405 nm blue-light for inactivation of airborne bacteria

Self-Disinfecting Copper Beds Sustain Terminal Cleaning and Disinfection Effects throughout Patient Care

Review of the Comparative Susceptibility of Microbial Species to Photoinactivation Using 380–480 nm Violet‐Blue Light

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