Efficacy of antimicrobial 405 nm blue-light for inactivation of airborne bacteria

Dougall, Laura; Anderson, John G.; Timoshkin, I. V.; MacGregor, S.J.; Maclean, Michelle

doi:10.1117/12.2289987

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One limitation of this study is that the inactivation assays were performed in static liquid media as opposed to aerosolized droplets. While the use of visible light in air disinfection has been briefly studied where it was shown that its effectiveness increased approximately 4-fold 43 , further studies involving dynamic aerosolization are needed to better understand the true potential of visible light mediated viral inactivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The virucidal effects of 405 nm visible light on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus

Rathnasinghe

Jangra

Miorin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Germicidal potential of specific wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum is an area of growing interest. While ultra-violet (UV) based technologies have shown satisfactory virucidal potential, the photo-toxicity in humans coupled with UV associated polymer degradation limit its use in occupied spaces. Alternatively, longer wavelengths with less irradiation energy such as visible light (405 nm) have largely been explored in the context of bactericidal and fungicidal applications. Such studies indicated that 405 nm mediated inactivation is caused by the absorbance of porphyrins within the organism creating reactive oxygen species which result in free radical damage to its DNA and disruption of cellular functions. The virucidal potential of visible-light based technologies has been largely unexplored and speculated to be not effective given the lack of porphyrins in viruses. The current study demonstrated increased susceptibility of lipid-enveloped respiratory pathogens of importance such as SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent of COVID-19) as well as the influenza A virus to 405nm, visible light in the absence of exogenous photosensitizers, indicating a potential porphyrin-independent alternative mechanism of visible light mediated viral inactivation. Given that visible light is generally safe to humans, our results support further exploration of the use of visible light technology for the application of continuous decontamination in areas within hospitals and/or infectious disease laboratories, specifically for the inactivation of respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The virucidal effects of 405 nm visible light on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus

Rathnasinghe

Jangra

Miorin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Interestingly, a study found that aerosolized S. epidermidis was significantly inactivated by approx. 2 log CFU/mL ( p < 0.001) by blue light (405 nm; 39.5 J/cm 2 ), with the susceptibility of the bacteria to blue light being 2–4 times higher in aerosols than in liquids or on surfaces [ 197 ]. Future studies should explore the potential of blue light for inactivating food-borne bacteria in aerosols.…”

Section: Potential Application Of Blue Light In Food Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Blue Light versus Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanism, Application in the Food Industry, Hurdle Technologies and Potential Resistance

Hadi

Brightwell

2020

Foods

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Blue light primarily exhibits antimicrobial activity through the activation of endogenous photosensitizers, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that attack components of bacterial cells. Current data show that blue light is innocuous on the skin, but may inflict photo-damage to the eyes. Laboratory measurements indicate that antimicrobial blue light has minimal effects on the sensorial and nutritional properties of foods, although future research using human panels is required to ascertain these findings. Food properties also affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light, with attenuation or enhancement of the bactericidal activity observed in the presence of absorptive materials (for example, proteins on meats) or photosensitizers (for example, riboflavin in milk), respectively. Blue light can also be coupled with other treatments, such as polyphenols, essential oils and organic acids. While complete resistance to blue light has not been reported, isolated evidence suggests that bacterial tolerance to blue light may occur over time, especially through gene mutations, although at a slower rate than antibiotic resistance. Future studies can aim at characterizing the amount and type of intracellular photosensitizers across bacterial species and at assessing the oxygen-independent mechanism of blue light—for example, the inactivation of spoilage bacteria in vacuum-packed meats.

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“…Luedke and others have shown that the use of visible light weakens antibiotic-resistant bacteria [37,38]. Additional published studies attest to the effectiveness of visible light in disinfection and biofilm reduction [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Light As Disinfectantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital, Catheter, Peritoneal Dialysis Acquired Infections: Visible Light as a New Solution to Reduce Risk and Incidence

Macaluso

2023

Cureus

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Healthcare-associated infections, often identified as hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), are typically not present during patient contact or admission. Healthcare-associated infections cause longer lengths of stay, increasing costs and mortality. HAI occurring in trauma patients increases the risk for length of stay and higher inpatient costs. Many HAIs are preventable.Antibiotic resistance has increased to a high level making proper treatment increasingly difficult due to organisms resistant to common antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need for alternate forms of attack against these pathogens. Currently, the application of light for the treatment of topical infections has been used. Ultraviolet (UV) light has well-documented antimicrobial properties. UV is damaging to DNA and causes the degradation of plastics, etc., so its use for medical purposes is limited.Using visible light may be more promising. 405-nm light sterilization has been shown to be highly efficacious in reducing bacteria. Light Line Medical, Inc.'s (LLM) patented visible-light platform technology for infection prevention may create a global shift in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. LLM has developed a proprietary method of delivering light to prevent catheter-associated infections. This technology uses non-UV visible light and can kill both bacteria and prevent biofilm inside and outside a luminal catheter. This is significant as prevention is key. Independent analysis of the prototype system showed the application of the device met the acceptance criterion of 4 x 10 9-10 reduction in Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other bacteria and fungal species. Further design evolution for this technology continues, and the FDA submission process is underway.

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Efficacy of antimicrobial 405 nm blue-light for inactivation of airborne bacteria

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

The virucidal effects of 405 nm visible light on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus

The virucidal effects of 405 nm visible light on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus

Antimicrobial Blue Light versus Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanism, Application in the Food Industry, Hurdle Technologies and Potential Resistance

Hospital, Catheter, Peritoneal Dialysis Acquired Infections: Visible Light as a New Solution to Reduce Risk and Incidence

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