“…[3][4][5][6] Such devices have been studied in a wide range of applications such as displays, 2,7,8) microwave waveguides, 9,10) free electron lasers, 11) electron microscopes, 12,13) vacuum gages, photo sensors, [14][15][16][17][18] and reliable uniform and high current emissions. 19,20) The present study focuses on magnetic sensors using features of vacuum microelectronics devices, particularly those with separate electrodes. 21) At first, magnetic sensors, wherein the transport of carriers in the semiconductor is exploited, were studied to meet size-reduction requirements.…”