Unidirectional Bistability in AlGaInAs Microring and Microdisk Semiconductor Lasers

Electrically-pumped compact hybrid silicon microring lasers for optical interconnects

“…3(b)), a small back reflection either from the bus waveguide/photodetector junctions or from the evanescent point coupler cannot be negligible. This leads to the coupling of transverse modes as well as of clock-wise (CW) and counter-clock-wise CCW) lasing modes [17], and subsequently extra kinks in LI curves. In contrast to previously demonstrated devices on HSP where the current channel is defined by proton implantation [8], the deeply-etched structure in this work poses a concern of the dry etch-exposed active region sidewall at the outer circumference of the microring.…”

III-V-on-Silicon Photonic Devices for Optical Communication and Sensing

“…In a symmetrical microdisk laser, without coupling between clockwise and counter clockwise modes, a bistable unidirectional behaviour is generally found just above the threshold current, with the lasing direction being determined by initial conditions or by externally injected optical pulses. This bistable unidirectional behaviour is possible because the cross gain suppression is twice as large as the self-gain suppression [47]. Due to sidewall surface roughness and reflections inside the silicon bus waveguide, there is usually coupling between clockwise and counter clockwise modes.…”

Optical mm-Wave Synthesizer Using Semiconductor Ring Laser (a Review)

“…SRLs are suitable for monolithic integration because they do not require cleaved facets or gratings for optical feedback [12]. That was the reason they were considered as the best lasers for photonic integrated circuits (PICs).…”