Une virilité interpellée ? En quête de genre au commissariat

Abstract

S’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique conduite en binôme masculin-féminin dans un commissariat français, l’article propose d’interroger les biais genrés structurant les normes au sein de l’institution policière, à partir notamment des positions de genre occupées par les enquêteurs ou assignées à ces derniers. Dans un contexte de féminisation de la profession sont examinées ici les dynamiques par lesquelles la « masculinité virile » tend à se perpétuer dans les brigades spécialisées dans l’usage de la force, ainsi que les relations d’interdépendance entre les dimensions genrées de la relation d’enquête, des sociabilités professionnelles policières et des interactions avec les populations-cibles.

Police, protectrice de l’ordre social (genré) : le cas des femmes manifestantes au Québec

“…Comme si on était des pauvres 'tites filles qui s'étaient retrouvées là par hasard, pis qu'on était donc ben connes (rire) ! -Judith ( (Darley et Gauthier, 2014 ;Mainsant, 2014). Dans notre propre étude, une ambiguïté semble toutefois persister : est-ce la composition genrée du rassemblement qui amène une dévaluation de la cible par les forces de l'ordre, ou plutôt les convictions idéologiques (féministes) défendues par les femmes ?…”

Policing and Gender in France

“…(Interview, woman police officer, Police rescue, 22 May 2013)</SPEECH> Networking among staff is frequently described as essential for the exchange of information related to investigations, as well as for promotion to more highly valued divisions (Darley and Gauthier 2014;Mainsant 2014). But we can see here that gender, as one aspect of organizational structure, shapes officers' experience by "imposing different normative expectations for male and female workers" (Pierce 2003, p. 57) and, more importantly, by "setting limits on women's behavior" (Pierce 2003, p. 66).…”

“…It is marked in addition by the singular importance given to tasks that are perceived as "virile," because they require the use of force in the fight against crime. This is to the detriment of administrative or preventive duties, which are stigmatized as "social work" (Darley and Gauthier 2014).…”

Legitimising exclusion through criminalisation: an ethnography of immigration detention in Switzerland

“…Although empirical research focusing on immigration detention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, detention spaces remain difficult to access (Maillet et al 2017) and consequently, we still know very little about them (Bosworth 2014). Despite immigration detention policies being common in most immigrant-receiving countries, empirically grounded researches have focused on a handful of countries: many of the studies in this review were carried out in the UK (Bosworth 2014;Gill 2016;Griffiths 2013Griffiths , 2014bHall 2010Hall , 2012Hughes 2016;McGregor 2012;Turnbull 2014Turnbull , 2017, although research has reached spaces of detention in most European countries, such as France (Fischer 2010(Fischer , 2013(Fischer , 2014(Fischer , 2017Makaremi 2008Makaremi , 2009aMakaremi , 2009bTassin 2016), Belgium (Lietaert et al 2014), Germany (Darley 2014), Italy (Campesi 2014a(Campesi , 2014b(Campesi , 2015a, Greece (Alberti 2010;Fili 2013), Romania (Michalon 2013(Michalon , 2015, Sweden (Khosravi 2009), Finland (Kynsilehto and Puumala 2017;Seilonen and Kmak 2015), Norway (Ugelvik and Ugelvik 2013;Ugelvik 2016aUgelvik , 2016b, and Austria and the Czech Republic (Darley 2009(Darley , 2010. Significant research has also concerned the Australian system of detention (Briskman 2013;…”

“…Despite being mainly empirical, this field of research is based on different levels of access to detention facilities. While some scholars have gained full access, including keys to move through the carceral space , others have accessed detention spaces through external organisations (Darley 2014;Fischer 2013Fischer , 2017Griffiths 2013Griffiths , 2014b; Hughes 2016). In some cases, detention institutions remain so closed and inaccessible that scholars need to find alternative ways of studying them without entering, for example through document analysis and freedom of information requests (Hiemstra and Conlon 2017: 128) or through interviews with former detainees (Klein and Williams 2012).…”