Une maladie d’actualité en production aviaire : la colibacillose

Abstract

Les colibacilloses aviaires sont une pathologie fréquente conduisant à de nombreux traitements antibiotiques avec les risques d'émergence de résistance. Bien que limité, le risque zoonosique est décrit et nous confirmons l'augmentation de la prévalence de la colibacillose aviaire dans les élevages de l'Ouest, en 2009. Il est important de différencier les souches de colibacilles commensales des souches pathologiques et de comprendre leur épidémiologie. Les outils de la biologie moléculaire tels que l'amplification des facteurs de virulence par la réaction en chaîne par polymérase (PCR) et l'électrophorèse en champ pulsé, nous ont permis de caractériser précisément les souches ; les résultats amènent des hypothèses sur les modalités de la transmission des colibacilles. Si celle de la transmission verticale se confirmait, il faudrait envisager des méthodes de prévention efficaces, notamment par la vaccination. Mots-clés : colibacilles aviaires, facteurs de virulence.

Serogroups and antibiotics susceptibility pattern of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains responsible for colibacillosis in broiler breeding farms in the east of Algeria

“…Colibacillosis is the most frequently reported disease in surveys of poultry diseases or condemnations at processing (Saif, 2003). Avian colibacillosis is a bacterial disease, and it is referred to any localized or systemic infection caused entirely or partly by Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), including colisepticemia, coligranuloma (Hjarre's disease), air sac disease (chronic respiratory disease, CRD), cellulites (inflammatory process), swollen-head syndrome, peritonitis, salpingitis, osteomyelitis/synovitis (turkey osteomyelitis complex), panophthalmitis, and omphalitis/yolk sac infection (Stordeur and Mainil, 2002;Saif, 2003;Robineau and Moalic, 2010). In broiler chickens, colisepticemia and air sacs disease are the most common forms of colibacillosis (Stordeur and Mainil, 2002;Saif, 2003).…”

“…Colibacillosis is an economical devastating disease in the poultry industry; it is the primary cause of morbidity, mortality and condemnation of carcasses in Algeria and many parts of the world (Dho-Moulin and Fairbrother, 1999;Delicato et al, 2003;Ewers et al, 2003;Hammoudi and Aggad, 2008). Colibacillosis is likely the primary cause of antibiotic treatment in poultry house, and the emergence of resistant strains is a legitimate concern (Robineau and Moalic, 2010). Antibiotic usage is considered the most important factor promoting the emergence, selection and dissemination of antibioticresistant microorganisms in both veterinary and human medicine (Neu, 1992;Witte, 1998).…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chickens affected by colibacillosis in Setif

“…Avian colibacillosis is a bacterial disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains, (Stordeur and Mainil., 2002;Robineau and Moalic., 2010). Colisepticemia and air sacs disease are the most common forms of colibacillosis in broiler chickens (Stordeur and Mainil., 2002;Saif, 2003).…”

“…Colibacillosis is an economical devastating disease in the poultry industry; it is the primary cause of morbidity, mortality and condemnation of carcasses in Algeria and many parts of the world (Dho-Moulin and Fairbrother, 1999;Hammoudi and Aggad., 2008;Ewers et al, 2003). It is likely the primary cause of antibiotic treatment in farms, and the emergence of resistant strains is a legitimate concern (Robineau and Moalic, 2010). Resistance to two or more classes of antibiotics is now common place in veterinary medicine, and the choice of antibiotic for treatment remains quite arbitrary.…”