Underwater operation of a full tensor SQUID gradiometer system

Chwala, A.; Schmelz, M.; Zakosarenko, V.; Schiffler, Markus; Schneider, Michael; Thürk, M.; Brauer, Samuel; Bauer, Frank; Schulz, M.; Krüger, A.; Stolz, R.

doi:10.1088/1361-6668/aaf245

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…operating on moving platforms. For example, an underwater SQUID based tensor gradiometer was recently deployed for scanning sea floor [228].…”

Section: H Moving Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive magnetometry in challenging environments

Fu¹,

Iwata²,

Wickenbrock³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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State-of-the-art magnetic field measurements performed in shielded environments with carefully controlled conditions rarely reflect the realities of those applications envisioned in the introductions of peer-reviewed publications. Nevertheless, significant advances in magnetometer sensitivity have been accompanied by serious attempts to bring these magnetometers into the challenging working environments in which they are often required. In this review, we cover the ways in which various magnetometer technologies have been adapted for use in challenging environments.

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“…operating on moving platforms. For example, an underwater SQUID based tensor gradiometer was recently deployed for scanning sea floor [228].…”

Section: H Moving Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive magnetometry in challenging environments

Fu¹,

Iwata²,

Wickenbrock³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In 2004, Vasquez et al [4] also successfully developed the High Tc SQUID low-frequency receiver for underground communication, and realized the transmission of speech signals between 100 m rock strata. In recent years, A Chwala et al [5] in Germany used a full tensor gradiometer to realize the positioning experiment of the submarine dipole, and the error was less than 10 m. However, the system must work with liquid helium environment, resulting in a large volume. Compared with the Low Tc SQUID, the High Tc SQUID has more advantages, but due to the high process requirements and the instability of the device, its application in the ocean develops slowly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-orthogonal Error Analysis of TriaxialMagnetic Sensor Based on High Tc DC SQUIDs

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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As a high-sensitive and wide-band magnetic field sensor, SuperconductingQuantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) have great advantagesin mineral detection and submarine communications. However, due tothe complexity of the Marine environment, the noise of the detectionmodule itself will have a significant impact on the detection results.Among them, the non-orthogonality of the triaxial sensor is one ofthe important parameters in the evaluation of the detection system.In this paper, the influence results of non-orthogonality on static anddynamic detection sources are given through theoretical derivation andsimulation analysis, and the non-orthogonality of the triaxial module isevaluated through experiments, and then the non-orthogonality of themodule is derived by simulation. Finally, the triaxial module is usedto test the actual magnetic field. The results of this paper have a certainguiding role for the future application of triaxial sensors in theocean and the evaluation of the non-orthogonality of triaxial modules.

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“…Different from the iterative algorithm, the magnetic gradient tensor localization algorithm, which can directly calculate the target position, has been effectively used to locate targets in magnetic detection [28][29][30][31][32][33]. The localization accuracy with the magnetic gradient tensor is mainly affected by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and calculated error of the magnetic gradient tensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Localization and Characterization of Underground Targets with a Towed Transient Electromagnetic Array System

Wang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Sensors

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A fast inversion algorithm combined with the transient electromagnetic (TEM) detection system has important significance for improving the detection efficiency of unexploded ordnance. The traditional algorithms, such as differential evolution or Gauss–Newton algorithms, usually require tens to thousands of iterations to locate the underground target. A new algorithm with a magnetic gradient tensor and singular value decomposition (SVD) to estimate the target position and characterization quickly and accurately is proposed in this paper. Two modes of magnetic gradient tensor are constructed to accurately locate shallow and deep targets, respectively. The SVD algorithm is applied to the responses to estimate the electromagnetic characteristics of the target quickly and accurately. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, a towed TEM sensor is designed, which is constructed with three transmitting coils and nine three-component receiving coils arranged in a 3 × 3 array. Field experiments in survey and cued modes were taken to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm and the towed system. Results show that the magnetic gradient tensor algorithm proposed in this paper can accurately locate a single target within 2.0 m depth, and the error of depth is no more than 8 cm. Even for overlapping response of multi targets, the error of depth is no more than 12 cm. The underground target can be accurately characterized by the SVD algorithm. For targets with depths over 2.0 m, the signal-to-noise ratio of characteristic response estimated by SVD is higher than that of the traditional method. The proposed method needs approximately 40 ms, only 1% of the traditional one, considerably improving detection efficiency and laying a theoretical and experimental foundation for real-time data processing.

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Underwater operation of a full tensor SQUID gradiometer system

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Sensitive magnetometry in challenging environments

Sensitive magnetometry in challenging environments

Non-orthogonal Error Analysis of TriaxialMagnetic Sensor Based on High Tc DC SQUIDs

Fast Localization and Characterization of Underground Targets with a Towed Transient Electromagnetic Array System

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