Understanding Tourist Behavior Using Means–End Chain Theory

McIntosh, Alison; Thyne, Maree

doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.05.005

Cited by 73 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Watkins and Gnoth (2011b) apply means2end theory to understand Japanese tourists' values that drive travel choices in New Zealand. Critics of the theory argue that the approach may force relationships between values and behaviour that may not be recognised by the individual [tourist] or have any clear meaning (McIntosh & Thyne, 2005). Also, existing studies fail to recognise that some values, whether personal or social, transform over time and that as a society modernises, in emerging markets for example, a shift in values occur.…”

Section: Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Means2end theory suggests that consumers have a cognitive hierarchy of means to achieve consumption goals (McIntosh & Thyne, 2005). Hence, as a method, ' .…”

Section: Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the conceptual domain of loyalty needs an integration of the various forms of loyalty (attitudinal and behavioural), the operationalisation domain needs to consider other dimensions such as strength of preference of visitors, and that loyalty may manifest itself in other forms such as altruism and advocacy (see Jones & Taylor, 2007). Second, given that tourism experiences are emotionally laden (McIntosh & Thyne, 2005), several important antecedents such as brand personality, brand affect, perceived justice, conflict handling, perceived risk, personal involvement and consequences such as destination/ brand market share remain to be tested. Third, empirical testing of McKercher et al's (2012) concepts of vertical, horizontal and experiential loyalty is required for a more comprehensive understanding of the concept.…”

Section: Trust and Loyaltymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities

Cohen

Prayag

Moital

2013

Current Issues in Tourism

558

333

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Although consumer behaviour (CB) is one of the most researched areas in the field of tourism, few extensive reviews of the body of knowledge in this area exist. This review article examines what we argue are the key concepts, external influences and opportune research contexts in contemporary tourism CB research. Using a narrative review, we examine the CB literature published in three major tourism journals from 2000 to 2012. Of 519 articles identified and reviewed, 191 are included in this article. We examine the development of and scope for future research on nine key concepts, including decision-making, values, motivations, self-concept and personality, expectations, attitudes, perceptions, satisfaction, trust and loyalty. We then examine three important external influences on tourism behaviour, technology, Generation Y and the rise in concern over ethical consumption. Finally, we identify and discuss five research contexts that represent major areas for future scholarship: group and joint decision-making, under-researched segments, cross-cultural issues in emerging markets, emotions and consumer misbehaviour. Our examination of key research gaps is concluded by arguing that the hedonic and affective aspects of CB research in tourism must be brought to bear on the wider CB and marketing literature.Keywords: consumption; travel; behaviour; marketing; research agenda Introduction Consumer behaviour (CB) involves certain decisions, activities, ideas or experiences that satisfy consumer needs and wants (Solomon, 1996). It is 'concerned with all activities directly involved in obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services, including the decision processes that precede and follow these actions' (Engel, Blackwell, & Miniard, 1995, p. 4). CB remains one of the most researched areas in the marketing and tourism fields, with the terms 'travel behaviour' or 'tourist behaviour' typically used to describe this area of inquiry. Few comprehensive reviews of the literature on CB concepts and models exist in the field of tourism. Exceptions include Moutinho (1993) who reviews the social and psychological influences on individual travel behaviour with the aim of developing a model of tourist behaviour and Dimanche and Havitz (1995) Tourism, 2014 Vol. 17, No. 10, 872 -909, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013 four concepts (ego-involvement, loyalty and commitment, family decision-making and novelty-seeking) in an attempt to methodologically advance CB in tourism studies.A lack of comprehensive reviews is not only due to the extensive breadth of the topic area itself, but also because travel behaviour is generally considered as a continuous process that includes varied yet inter-correlated stages and concepts that cannot always be analysed separately (Mill & Morrison, 2002). Tourism researchers have reviewed individual concepts (e.g. Riley, Niininen, Szivas, & Willis, 2001, on loyalty), specific influences (e.g. Moutinho, 1993, on social influences on CB), and particular research contexts (e.g. Hong, Lee, L...

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Section: Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Means2end theory suggests that consumers have a cognitive hierarchy of means to achieve consumption goals (McIntosh & Thyne, 2005). Hence, as a method, ' .…”

Section: Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trust and Loyaltymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities

Cohen

Prayag

Moital

2013

Current Issues in Tourism

558

333

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Laddering enables the individual to define personal values in their own terms and facilitate an inductive perspective to understanding values and behavior, rather then into predetermined value categories used in traditional quantitative methods (McIntosh & Thyne, 2005).…”

Section: Means-end Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gutman goes on to state that each link in the means-end chain described how a participant's thoughts progress from either attribute to consequence or consequence to value so that the thought process is clearly followed from start to finish. The means-end approach connects the prominent attributes of a destination, product, or interaction to an individual's personal values (McIntosh & Thyne, 2005).…”

Section: Means-end Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal Study of the Outcomes from Participation in Wilderness Adventure Education Programs

Cummings¹

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The results from this study suggest that participants of wilderness adventure education programs offered by Outward Bound and the National Outdoor Leadership School felt challenged by many of the experiences from their programs. Interactions with their group helped in dealing with the challenges presented by the experience. The development of hard skills gave participants a confidence in their abilities to survive and feel safe in these wilderness environments, which allowed them to relax and enjoy the experience, develop new perspectives, become motivated and inspired, and develop a sense of independence. Participants developed a sense of growth and maturity from their experiences, which upon reflection led to a sense of accomplishment. This sense of accomplishment led to transference of program benefits and values into participants' lives, particularly in greater self-respect/esteem/confidence.The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the outcomes that individuals experienced from wilderness adventure programs and the effects they had on participants' lives. Means-end theory was used to understand the outcomes, more specifically attributes, consequences, and values, and their connections to each other. This study was longitudinal in nature and a comparison between the original data collection and follow-up interviews was done to investigate reported change in values over time. The results from this study show that the outcomes from participation in the Outward Bound and NOLS programs were transferring into participant's lives and leaving a lasting impression.

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Personal values and characteristics of remittance channels: Insights from a means‐end‐chain study

Bolzani

2017

J of Consumer Behaviour

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Studies investigating immigrants' remittance behaviours have mainly focused on the determinants and motivations to remit and more recently on the determinants of remittance channel choices. Although these two streams of literature have evolved separately, there is a need for a greater understanding about the linkages between remittance motivations and the preferences towards different characteristics of remittance channels. This paper tackles this issue by presenting an exploratory investigation of the linkages between attributes of remittance channels and personal values behind remittance behaviours. Building on means-end chain theory and applying a laddering technique, this paper highlights how personal values of achievement, power, security, and benevolence are reflected in immigrants' preference for different attributes of remittance channels. Implications for research, policymaking, and business practice with regard to the management and promotion of financial remittances are suggested.

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Understanding Tourist Behavior Using Means–End Chain Theory

Cited by 73 publications

References 10 publications

Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities

Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities

A Longitudinal Study of the Outcomes from Participation in Wilderness Adventure Education Programs

Personal values and characteristics of remittance channels: Insights from a means‐end‐chain study

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