Understanding the internal processes of behavioral engagement in a national park: A latent variable path analysis of the value-belief-norm theory

Incorporating multilevel values into the social-ecological systems framework

“…Assigned values, for example, are less psychologically stable than Cultural and Individual values and therefore more likely to change when disruptions are introduced into a system (e.g., policy change, traumatic experiences, new knowledge) (Dietz et al 2005). Although the SESF engages with economic values (i.e., one type of Assigned value), we suggest that SESF research take into account a broader array of Assigned values, such as perceived biological diversity, aesthetics, and recreation (van Riper et al 2012). Depending on the context, too narrow a focus on economic values can overlook complementary intrinsic motivations and normative dynamics that influence collective action.…”

“…Achieving social and ecological sustainability will require a significant shift in the fundamental basis of environmentalism; however, Individual and Cultural values are slow to change (Manfredo et al 2016). Given that this shift would create fertile ground for the emergence and adoption of new approaches to conservation of natural resources, future research needs to engage with not only multilevel values but also a range of other factors that influence behavior (van Riper and Kyle 2014). That is, considering how multilevel values relate to established and validated models of proenvironmental behavior is an important area of future SESF research.…”

“…They tap the universal needs of people as biological agents, social interaction requirements, and human welfare on a global scale (Schwartz 2012), and thus define moral codes of conduct that shape behavior (Stern et al 1999, Dietz et al 2005, Howell 2013). Research on Individual values has provided insight into human-wildlife interactions (Vaske and Donnelly 1999), park and protected area management (van Riper and Kyle 2014), and origins of predispositions toward nature (Kellert 1996). Finally, Assigned values are the social aggregations of beliefs (Brown 1984), which are not nested within Individual and Cultural values; rather, they are emergent preferences for landscape qualities such as aesthetics and perceived biodiversity (van Riper et al 2017).…”

Predicting Recycling Behavior by Including Moral Norms into the Theory of Planned Behavior

“…For example, it has been used to predict recycling (Chan & Bishop, 2013;Wan et al, 2014), sustainable transportation use (Donald, Cooper, & Conchie, 2014), sustainable consumption (Richetin et al, 2012), household energy-saving (Webb, Soutar, Mazzarol, & Saldaris, 2013), personal stance on sustainable development (Read, Brown, Thorsteinsson, Morgan, & Price, 2013), or a combination of these behaviors (Oreg & Katz-Gerro, 2006;Whitmarsh & O'Neill, 2010). It is apparent that the theory of planned behavior is a powerful framework for sustainable behavior research and can be applied to most behaviors.…”

“…Model A is based on the findings of Chan & Bishop (2013) and completely replaces attitudes with moral norms. Since in the value-beliefnorm model personal norms are assumed to have a direct effect on behavior (Aguilar-Luzón et al, 2012;van Riper & Kyle, 2014), Model B includes a direct relationship between moral norms and behavior. Model C and Model D incorporate moral norms into the theory of planned behavior without removing attitudes.…”