Understanding the association between time spent caregiving and well-being among employed adults: testing a model of work–life fit and sense of community

Hilbrecht, Margo; Lero, Donna S.; Schryer, Emily; Mock, Steven E.; Smale, Bryan

doi:10.1080/13668803.2015.1112254

Cited by 24 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hansen and Slagsvold (2015) found lower levels of psychological well-being only among women who did not work full-time: in their words, full-time employment could probably offer opportunities to caregivers, while a "double burden" was experienced by those women who combined extensive caregiving and partial employment. Glavin and Peters (2015) found similar results (women/CEs experienced greater health penalties than men/CEs), while in the same country -Canada -no differences between sexes emerged in the study by Hilbrecht et al (2017): the more time spent caregiving, the lower participants' well-being ratings were. The mediation of this association by other factors, like time and income adequacy (the more time participants spent caregiving, the lower these resources rated), confirms the complex relationships between roles, resources, and life domains for CEs, and the emerging needs for workplace and social policies and interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Fewer children to raise and more chronically ill relatives (Converso, 2015) and elderly to care for mean that, in Europe, 40% of family caregivers are in paid work (Christensen et al, 2009;Hoffmann and Rodriguez, 2010;Griggs et al, 2019) and fulfill the double role of caregiver-employee (CE; Ireson et al, 2018). CE defines those workers who simultaneously serve as an informal, unpaid care provider for sick, disabled, or elderly relatives, and it is a situation that is on the increase in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan (Honda et al, 2014;Hilbrecht et al, 2017;Bosco, 2018;Ireson et al, 2018). Because of several factors (i.e., decreased family size, an increase in female employment, reduction of welfare), the spread of CEs is also related to the pension reforms that, in the last decade, have extended working lives until between 67 and 70 years in most western countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

I’ll Be a Caregiver-Employee: Aging of the Workforce and Family-to-Work Conflicts

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The double role of caregiver-employee (CE) defines those workers who simultaneously serve as an informal, unpaid care provider for sick, disabled, or elderly relatives, and it is a situation that is on the increase in most western countries. Providing informal caregiving can lead to detrimental effects on emotional well-being and several physical and psychological diseases (e.g., caregiver-burden). CEs can suffer double discomfort (at work and at home), but, first of all, they can be exposed to a high level of home-to-work conflict (HWI). In this study, we analyzed the CE phenomenon in a typical Italian public company, where the mean age of workers is particularly high. Methods: An online questionnaire related to the perception of HWI, well-being, and discomfort at work (depression, emotional exhaustion, job engagement) in relation to the family load (none, parents with <12 children to care for, caregiver to other adults, or children and older adults to care for/old/children to care for employees) was answered by 1704 administrative workers. Results: More than 20% of our sample was included in the elder caregiver condition or in the double role or "sandwiched" condition with older adults and children to care for. The family load changed significantly between the different age groups: for workers aged between 55 and 64 years, the percentage was nearly 27%. CEs had higher levels of HWI and of personal and job discomfort and lower levels of engagement, when compared with non-CEs. Having "only" older adults to care for (the typical CE condition) was associated with having the most negative results. Conclusion: This study confirms and underlines the increasing number of CEs in western organizations and their higher levels of HWI, work disengagement, emotional exhaustion, and depression. As the general population and workforce experience increased "graying," and many more workers become CEs out of necessity, stable caregiver-friendly workplace policies (CFWPs) should be developed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I’ll Be a Caregiver-Employee: Aging of the Workforce and Family-to-Work Conflicts

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, Voydanoff (2007) chose to exclude community from the conceptual model of work-life fit due to lack of information about the role of demands and resources originating from this domain. Hilbrecht et al (2015) found that enhanced well-being was more strongly associated with sense of community. Given that community demands and resources may form part of a person's work-life fit configuration, it is argued that community demands and resources should be included in consideration of the way in which demands and resources interact to produce fit (or misfit).…”

Section: Multiple Domainsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Work–life fit: identification of demand and resource typologies within a systems framework^*

Turner

Lingard

2016

Construction Management and Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Work-life fit occurs when people have the resources required to meet demands such that role performance (both at work and in non-work life domains) is effective. Interviews were conducted with 59 construction workers based in Melbourne, Australia to explore how demands and resources were experienced. Using a systems framework, data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results identified two demand typologies associated with demand-to-demand interaction. Demands operating as 'influencers' have a major impact on the conditions of the interdependent demand, while demands operating as 'creators' generate a new demand and shape the conditions of that demand. One resource typology related to resource-demand interaction was identified. 'Enabling resources' enable an individual to manage multiple demands across multiple domains, and may also enable an individual to manage multiple demands within a single domain. A new conceptual contribution is made to an area in which theory is under-developed, by adopting a systems approach to understanding the dynamic interactions between demands and resources. A lack of fit is damaging for the individual; therefore, it is useful to know that demands and resources are interdependent and these interdependencies will vary according to individuals. Using a systems approach to understanding demands and resources will be helpful to organizations seeking to support workers to achieve optimal work-life fit.

show abstract

“…In addition, the demand on time has practical and psychological implications for family members and affects the balance of personal and caregiving activities. Assessing time use and the perceived meaning and importance of occupations can help occupational therapists gain an understanding of family members' well-being and lifestyles (Dür et al, 2015;Hilbrecht et al, 2015;Pemberton & Cox, 2015). Time is intrinsically linked to occupation and this is well documented in the occupational therapy literature (Farnworth, 2003;A.…”

Section: Assessing and Restructuring Time Use And Occupationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has showed that the amount of time spent on caregiving has been associated with increased caregiver burden and decreased well-being (Doser & Norup, 2016;Enright Jr, 1991;Hilbrecht, Lero, Schryer, Mock, & Smale, 2015;Jaracz et al, 2015). Previous studies have quantified the way time was spent on caregiving activities and indicated a large proportion of time was spent on travelling (Tooth, McKenna, Barnett, Prescott, & Murphy, 2005;van Exel, Koopmanschap, van den Berg, Brouwer, & van den Bos, 2005).…”

Section: Waiting Enmeshed Within Caregiving Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family members’ needs and experiences related to driving disruption following acquired brain injury

Liang¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Family members often assume the caregiving role after an individual sustains an acquired brain injury (ABI). A mandated period of driving disruption following an ABI means that individuals will often rely heavily on family members for transport and emotional support.However, research on driving disruption has largely focused on the impact, assessment and rehabilitation of the individual with ABI, with little attention given to family members. In order to develop an understanding for approaches to support family members better, this thesis aimed to explore the needs and experiences of family members during driving disruption following an ABI.The first aim of the thesis was to gain a broader understanding of the issue by conducting a scoping review of the literature on family members' needs and experiences during driving disruption across all health conditions. The scoping review found that driving disruption is a stressful and complex issue with communication and emotional implications for family members. The review highlighted differences in experiences according to health condition, permanence of driving disruption and nature of the caregiver occupation, and identified the need for further research on the issue of driving disruption for family members of individuals with ABI.A prospective, mixed methods, longitudinal study, with a phenomenological approach was conducted with family members of individuals with ABI who were experiencing driving disruption. Recruitment was stratified according to time post-ABI to gain a range of perspectives. Data were collected from 15 family members at three time-points: recruitment to study, 3 and 6 months later. Self-report questionnaires measuring family members' quality of life and well-being were administered at the first time-point, and semistructured interviews were conducted at each time-point. All interviews incorporated the use of a map to elicit qualitative and quantitative data about family members' current travel patterns as a result of driving disruption. The data were analysed using different approaches in a series of four studies.The first two studies aimed to gain an in-depth understanding about the experiences of family members of individuals experiencing driving disruption due to ABI across the recovery continuum. Both studies examined the mixed methods cross-sectional data from the first time-point. The first study explored the differences in family members' experiences iii at the early (<1 year post-ABI) and later stages (>1 year post-ABI) using a mixed methods, phenomenological approach. Family members in the later group reported more challenges with greater intensity. These challenges included changes in everyday activities, the impact on their emotions, consequences for the whole family, and effects on physical health. The later group had lower ratings of health and well-being, and higher caregiver strain.The second study investigated the specific changes family members experienced in everyday activities with a focus on the impact of driving disru...

show abstract

Understanding the association between time spent caregiving and well-being among employed adults: testing a model of work–life fit and sense of community

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

I’ll Be a Caregiver-Employee: Aging of the Workforce and Family-to-Work Conflicts

I’ll Be a Caregiver-Employee: Aging of the Workforce and Family-to-Work Conflicts

Work–life fit: identification of demand and resource typologies within a systems framework^*

Family members’ needs and experiences related to driving disruption following acquired brain injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Understanding the association between time spent caregiving and well-being among employed adults: testing a model of work–life fit and sense of community

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

I’ll Be a Caregiver-Employee: Aging of the Workforce and Family-to-Work Conflicts

I’ll Be a Caregiver-Employee: Aging of the Workforce and Family-to-Work Conflicts

Work–life fit: identification of demand and resource typologies within a systems framework*

Family members’ needs and experiences related to driving disruption following acquired brain injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Work–life fit: identification of demand and resource typologies within a systems framework^*