Understanding How Others Treat Crises: A Multimethod Approach

Bobrow, Davis B.; Chan, Steve; Kringen, John A.

doi:10.2307/2600152

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In a cross-cultural study of crises, for example, Davis Bobrow and colleagues found that whereas Americans tended to view crises as fundamentally dangerous times of great risk, Chinese were more likely to view crises as times of opportunity as well as risk. 91 John Dower examines the powerful role that race may play in the development of mirror images during war. 92 Clearly, cultural differences accentuate the likelihood for misperception and miscommunication already discussed.…”

Section: An Idiosyncratic and Cultural Qualificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Human Cognition in the Study of World Politics

Rosati

2000

Int Studies Review

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This essay demonstrates that the study of world politics should be situated in a cognitive approach, along with the study of foreign policymaking. As I will show, the so‐called “rationality‐cognitive debate” has become a pseudo‐debate. Theories of both foreign policy and world politics must be realistically grounded in the assumptions and knowledge of cognitive actors to advance our grasp of practice as well as theory. The basic assumptions of the approach are described and the accumulated knowledge is reviewed in five critical areas: 1) the content of policymaker beliefs (from general images to specific preferences); 2) the organization and structure of policymaker beliefs (resulting in coherent versus fragmented images); 3) the common patterns of perception and misperception (such as the tendency to categorize and stereotype, simplify causal inferences, and use historical analogies); 4) the likelihood of cognitive rigidity to limit change and learning; and 5) the impact on policymaking (agenda‐setting and framing, and formulation and choice). Although sensitivity to variation in cognition across individuals and cultures is increasingly important, international relations scholars cannot ignore the insights about human cognition if their theories are to reflect international realities.

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Section: An Idiosyncratic and Cultural Qualificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Human Cognition in the Study of World Politics

Rosati

2000

Int Studies Review

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“…Leadership may vary from one culture to the next, meaning that a common frame of reference with respect to crises cannot be taken for granted. More specifically, Bobrow, et al (1977Bobrow, et al ( , 1979 have argued that a fundamental explanation for international conflict rests in poor comprehension of the foreign policy decision-making processes of other elites. The claim has been made that, because there exist significant cognitive differences, it is incorrect for the elite of one state to attribute its image of the international system to others.…”

Section: Patrick Jamesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Crises: A View from the South*

James¹

1990

Pacific Focus

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“…Literature and experience indicate that starting with single, more or less isolated, beliefs, political ideologies can progressively expand their influences into larger segments of the system of perceptual representation (Bobrow, Chan, andKringen 1979,1977;Szalay, Kelly, and Moon 1972;Cantril 1961;Rokeach 1960;Eysenck 1955). As a psychological reality, political ideology refers to the content of a belief system which has its origin in postulates or doctrines and gains by its system's characteristics a new and enhanced potential to influence human behavior in the political and social domains.…”

Section: Ideology and The Perceptual-representational Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Ideology and Subjective Culture: Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment

Szalay¹,

Kelly

1982

Am Polit Sci Rev

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Ideology and subjective culture are examined as two systems of behavioral organization well known for their hidden but frequently powerful influences on political choices and behavior. After a brief sketch of a representational theory of behavioral organization, a research strategy based on inferences drawn from the distribution of thousands of free word associations is described and illustrated with results from several international studies. Findings on Slovenian images and frame of reference demonstrate the effects of Marxist doctrines. Korean and American data illustrate differences that are predominantly psychocultural. The analytic method outlined suggests new capabilities for studying ideology and its influence on people's perceptions, their system of representation of the world, and their organization of behavior. It may be used to assess predispositions to adopt democratic principles and procedures. It might also be used to assess the influence of ideological doctrines and their degree of integration with the cultural views and frame of reference. The most natural use will probably be in research in the field of international understanding and communication.

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Understanding How Others Treat Crises: A Multimethod Approach

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

The Power of Human Cognition in the Study of World Politics

The Power of Human Cognition in the Study of World Politics

International Crises: A View from the South*

Political Ideology and Subjective Culture: Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment

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