Understanding and appreciating metaphors

Tourangeau, Roger; Sternberg, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/0010-0277(82)90016-6

Cited by 254 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Kintsch (2000) has further drawn upon these comparison theories by representing the interaction between the meaning of the topic and the vehicle in a computational model of metaphor comprehension. Tourangeau and Sternberg's (1982) domain interaction theory assumes a different kind of comparison -a comparison not between the topic and the vehicle terms, but instead between the two domains from which they come. According to Tourangeau and Sternberg, understanding the metaphor the eagle is a lion involves comparing the domain of mammals to the domain of birds to discern the relative position of lion among mammals and applying that relation to eagle in its domain of birds.…”

Section: Approaches To the Study Of Metaphormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Suppression and Enhancement in Understanding Metaphors☆

Gernsbacher

Keysar

Robertson

et al. 2001

Journal of Memory and Language

144

125

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Participants read either a metaphorical prime sentence, such as That defense lawyer is a shark, or they read a baseline-prime sentence. The baseline-prime sentence was literally meaningful in Experiment 1 (e.g., That large hammerhead is a shark), nonsensical in Experiment 2 (e.g., His English notebook is a shark), and unrelated in Experiment 3 (e.g., That new student is a clown). After reading the prime sentence, participants verified a target property statement. Verification latencies for property statements relevant to the superordinate category (e.g., Sharks are tenacious) were faster after participants read the metaphor-prime sentence than after they read the baseline-prime sentence, producing an enhancement effect. In contrast, verification latencies for property statements relevant to only the basic-level meaning of the vehicle and not the superordinate (e.g., Sharks are good swimmers), were slower following the metaphor-versus the baseline-prime sentence, producing a suppression effect. As Glucksberg and Keysar's (1990) class inclusion theory of metaphor predicts, the enhancement effect demonstrates that the vehicle of a metaphor stands for the superordinate category of the vehicle, and the suppression effect demonstrates that the metaphorical vehicle does not stand for its basic-level meaning.Language users experience little difficulty understanding a sentence such as Perjury is a boomerang, especially if they followed trials involving a perjured president. In contrast, theories of language have particular difficulty when it comes to explaining how language users understand metaphorical sentences. This difficulty stems from the traditional literal bias of theories of language.A literal interpretation of perjury is a boomerang would yield an anomaly, either on semantic or pragmatic grounds; perjury is not a boomerang, and attempting to categorize perjury into boomerang as one categorizes robins as birds results in a semantic anomaly or

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Section: Approaches To the Study Of Metaphormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Suppression and Enhancement in Understanding Metaphors☆

Gernsbacher

Keysar

Robertson

et al. 2001

Journal of Memory and Language

144

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Metaphorical meaning combines the meaning of both tenor and vehicle to derive the mapping that exists between the two (Tourangeau & Sternberg, 1982). Consistency is crucial here.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metaphoric Rhetorical Criticism on Aminuddin Baki’s Speech: Some Preliminary Findings

Shah¹,

Hassan

Shamshudeen

et al. 2014

JKMJC

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The purpose of this paper is to look at the Aminuddin Baki's Torch Movement Speech (Ceramah Gerakan Obor) from the critical theory of metaphorical perspective. The study of metaphor is considered important because it has been used by many speech writers, authors, and CEOs in big organisations to strengthen the impact of their speeches. Metaphors are used to amplify meanings in one's speech. The objective of the study is to identify the type of metaphors employed and how the metaphors are conveyed within the Torch Movement Speeches. The study also hopes to identify the direction of metaphor used in terms of positive, negative or neutral which is predominant in the speech. Numerous studies have been done on the biographical portion of Aminuddin Baki but not of the particular speeches he had made on the progression of the natives in Malaysia as a whole. The late Aminuddin Baki was known as a man of great purpose and was committed to seeing the advancement of Malaysians in education. This study used a qualitative method through a rhetorical analysis of one of Aminuddin Baki's Torch Movement speech. Using Neo-Aristotelian Criticism perspective in the analysis of speech, this study demonstrates the relevance in the application of ancient Malay metaphor in modern day communication interaction among the people.

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“…Without loss of generality, assume further that for one acre of land, two liters of pesticide is recommended. Unfortunately, the logic behind the safety of pesticide may not be mathematically based [27]. There might be other factors, such as accumulation of pesticide or environmental ramification.…”

Section: Metaphorical Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metaphor of ‘Adaptation’: A Metaphoric Rhetorical criticism on Aminuddin Baki’s Torch Movement Speech 3

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper looks at the Aminuddin Baki's Torch Movement Speech 3 (Ceramah Gerakan Obor 3). It's is to identify the type of metaphors used and how the metaphors are conveyed in the Torch Movement Speech 3 on 'Adaptation' of the Malays. The study hopes to identify the direction of the 'Adaptation' metaphor which is liken banana tree and its offsprings. Many studies have been carried out on the biographical portion of Aminuddin Baki but none on all his Torch Movement Speeches that he had made on the progression and development of the Malays. A qualitative method was used through a rhetorical analysis. A Neo-Aristotelian Criticism is used in the analysis of speech of which this study demonstrates the relevance in the application of ancient Malay metaphors in the modern day communication interaction among the Malays.

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Understanding and appreciating metaphors

Cited by 254 publications

References 25 publications

The Role of Suppression and Enhancement in Understanding Metaphors☆

The Role of Suppression and Enhancement in Understanding Metaphors☆

A Metaphoric Rhetorical Criticism on Aminuddin Baki’s Speech: Some Preliminary Findings

Metaphor of ‘Adaptation’: A Metaphoric Rhetorical criticism on Aminuddin Baki’s Torch Movement Speech 3

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