Objectives To determine the association between fetal position at onset of labor and mode of delivery, specifically left occipito-anterior (LOA) fetal position and spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD). Methods (OR 0.864 (95% CI, P = 0.394). No difference remained with adjustment for confounding effects of variables known to influence mode of delivery (OR 0.837 (95% CI,

Abdominal palpation to determine LOA position at the onset of labor had poor accuracy in nulliparous women on arrival at the maternity unit with a cervix dilation of <4cm. If future research demonstrates that an optimal fetal position at labor onset exists, ultrasound scan to confirm fetal position on arrival for birth may improve midwives' ability to prognosticate.

Visual communication in architecture is a genuine aspiration in realizing the relationship between the Malays and other communities. The composition of the models in this communication is very well organized and will remain relevant to be developed from time to time. It is an observation on the symbols, types of motifs and design aspects of the carvings, also the structural elements in the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan. This also comprises the study of the chronology of the early history of the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan which has its linkages with the Islamic art. Emphasis is given to the diversity in the carving characteristics as a comparison regarding historical, cultural and environmental backgrounds. The delicacy of the craftsmanship among Malay carvers in Negeri Sembilan is reflected in their maturity and ability to fuse traditional elements and Islam. Symbols that have motifs in the carvings result from the carvers' observation and experience. The selection of these motifs is carefully made to ensure that they are the Islamic teachings and not deviating with the Islamic law. Carvings in the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan are also crafted with an aim to beautify a piece of architecture made of various motifs. Those carved parts are always assured to maintain the balance with the surrounding space. Floral motifs are often combined with cosmic or geometrical motifs. In many cases, plant-based motifs are also prevalence translated into carvings. This is a tribute from the Malay carvers to beauty, perfection, and harmony of nature.