Uncovering the Binding Specificities of Lectins with Cells for Precision Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Based on Multimodal Imaging

Abstract

There is a high desire for novel targets/biomarkers to diagnose and treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, an approach starting from a polyacrylamide hydrogel–based lectin microarray is presented to screen the high expression of glycans on the CRC cell surface and to identify new lectin biomarkers for CRC. Three common CRC cell lines (SW480, SW620, and HCT116) and one normal colon cell line (NCM460) are profiled on the microarray with 27 lectins. The experimental results reveal that CRC cells highly express the glycans with d‐galactose, d‐glucose, and/or sialic acid residues, and Uelx Europaeus Agglutinin‐I (UEA‐I) exhibits reasonable specificity with SW480 cells. After conjugation of UEA‐I with silica‐coated NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles, the follow‐up in vitro and in vivo experiments provide further evidence on that UEA‐I can serve as tumor‐targeting molecule to diagnose SW480 tumor by multimodal imaging including upconversion luminescence imaging, T 1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and X‐ray computed tomography imaging.

Rational synthesis of three-dimensional core–double shell upconversion nanodendrites with ultrabright luminescence for bioimaging application

“…The as-formed hydrophobic UCNDs were coated with a SiO 2 -COOH layer to make them hydrophilic and viable for biomedical applications through a water-in-oil reverse microemulsion method (see the ESI † for details). 28 The UCND@SiO 2 -COOH retained its nanodendritic morphology without any changes aer the coating process (Fig. 2c).…”

Advanced Bioresponsive Multitasking Hydrogels in the New Era of Biomedicine

“…Selective growth of cancer cells, controlled release/cellular uptake of bioactive compounds Controlled proliferation and screening of mammalian cells on a hydrogel-functionalized small-molecule microarray [29] Matrix for probe immobilization, maintaining the activity of enzyme/probe, effective ligand-receptor binding/ hybridization, screening Hydrogel-based lectin microarray for profiling glycan expression on CRC cell surface and screening new lectin biomarkers for CRC [30] A low-density hydrogel-based microarray was used for amplification of a 352-nucleotide fragment of the gyrB gene and its hybridization on a microarray. This platform detected 35 mycobacterial species, with 99.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity [120] In situ DNA gelling strategy for miRNA sensing [33] Single cell/ molecule analysis Single-stranded DNA molecule capturing, amplification, detection Linear microfluidics hydrogel array was ≈1000 times more sensitive than planar microarray due to the 3D gel capture (1.8 × 10 6 target DNA molecules), higher diffusion rate, and the shorter probe-target hybridization time (20 min).…”

Application of Lectin Microarrays for Biomarker Discovery

“…Differentially expressed glycans with D‐Gal, D‐glucose, and sialic acid residues, and UelxEuropaeus Agglutinin−I (UEA−I) in SW480 colorectal cancer cells were identified from a 27‐lectin‐microarray screening. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed UEA−I as a colorectal cancer biomarker (Table ) …”